面向生物样品三维成像的光干涉显微技术研究进展  

Research Progress in Optical Interference Microscopy Toward Three-Dimensional Imaging of Biological Samples

作　　者：满天龙[1] 万玉红[1] 菅孟静 张文学[1] 张明华[1] 马腾 张沁 Man Tianlong;Wan Yuhong;Jian Mengjing;Zhang Wenxue;Zhang Minghua;Ma Teng;Zhang Qin(Faculty of Science,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学理学部,北京100124

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第15期63-83,共21页Chinese Journal of Lasers

摘　　要：远场光学显微成像是获取待测样品三维结构信息及其动态变化不可或缺的技术。非接触无损害的快速光学三维显微成像技术在生物细胞、生物组织等生物医学成像领域具有独特的应用优势和巨大的应用需求。受限于目前的光电器件只能实现光强的直接探测,光学显微三维成像技术往往通过扫描技术、编码技术或数值算法等将光场的相位等信息转换为光强信息,再通过探测被待测样品调制的光波场强度的变化解析出原始样品的信息,以实现对样品三维形貌、内部结构或折射率分布等多种信息的可视化。利用光波的相干性,结合适当的分波技巧,实现两束光的互干涉或自干涉,将光波场相位信息编码至干涉图样的强度分布中,然后结合适当的算法对干涉图样进行重建,是实现光学三维显微成像的一个重要技术。本文对基于光的干涉,利用干涉条纹的强度提供成像对比度的三维显微成像技术进行综述,阐明了激光照明的数字全息显微、部分相干光照明的数字全息显微、光学相干断层显微和空间非相干光照明的自干涉数字全息显微成像技术的基本原理、成像特性,以及该类技术在样品定量相衬成像、三维层析成像、非扫描快速三维显微成像等领域的应用,同时对该类技术衍生的新技术以及该类技术的未来发展方向进行了详细讨论。Significance To minimize the physical damage,phototoxicity,and photobleaching of the biological samples,microscopic i maging methods for the visualization of cells and tissues need to have the ability of noncontract and fast measuring of the three-dimensional(3D)sample information.Far-field optical microscopy,which has been widely applied for biomedical imaging,is one of the most direct and indispensable ways of capturing the dynamic 3D architecture of biological samples.In the optical imaging system,both the intensity and phase distribution of the illumination light field will be quantitatively modulated by the sample and finally transmitted to the detector plane.The demodulation of all the obtained information enables quantitative reconstructions of the samples’3D spatial structure,morphology profile,and refractive index d istribution.However,the existing photon detectors are only sensitive to the intensity distribution of the input light signal.The phase of the light field,which cannot be directly measured by the detector,can be quantitatively coded and decoded from the two-dimensional intensity distribution of the interference pattern using the interference characteristic of light.These basic ideas enable,in principle,fast 3D imaging,tomography,and quantitative phase-contrast imaging and hence benefit the visualization of the dynamic structural and biophysical characteristics of the samples.Furthermore,the details of the fine structures inside the sample can be obtained with improved imaging performance through superresolution imaging and nonscanning 3D imaging,which are enabled by fluorescent self-interference imaging techniques.All these potential advantages in biological imaging have promoted the rapid development of interference microscopic techniques in the past decades.The interference imaging methods are classified according to the coherence properties of the light source used.The interference microscopic techniques using different light sources enable quantitative phasecontrast imaging,nonscanning 3

关 键 词：生物光学 显微 三维成像 显微成像 干涉 数字全息显微 光学相干层析 非相干全息 荧光自干涉定位 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]