西北旱区滚勺式胡麻联合播种机的设计与试验  

Design and test of rolling spoon type flax combined seeder in the arid area of Northwest China

作　　者：郭军海 赵武云 石林榕 周刚[2] 张锋伟 杨昆山 辛尚龙 GUO Junhai;ZHAO Wuyun;SHI Linrong;ZHOU Gang;ZHANG Fengwei;YANG Kunshan;Xin Shanglong(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dryland Agriculture ResearchInstitute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Huarui Agricultural Co.,Ltd.,Zhangye734000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州730070 [3]甘肃华瑞农业股份有限公司,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2022年第7期184-198,共15页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-28);国家自然科学基金项目(52065004);甘肃省高等学校创新能力提升项目(2020A-51)。

摘　　要：针对西北旱区胡麻精密种植效率低下的问题,设计一种集施肥、滴灌、覆膜、覆土和穴播联合作业为一体的胡麻播种机。根据农艺种植要求,对整机关键部件作业分析和理论计算,确定播种装置、覆膜覆土装置的部分结构和作业参数。为提高滚轮式穴播器取种的精量与稳定性,以引种槽长度、穴播器转速、取种勺截面高为影响因素,以排量一致性变异系数和穴粒数合格指数为试验指标,进行三因素三水平胡麻播种台架试验,并进行田间验证试验。台架试验结果表明:当引种槽长度为31mm,穴播器转速为25r/min,取种勺截面高为5mm时,穴播器排量一致性变异系数和穴粒数合格指数分别为1.57%和97.54%;田间验证试验结果表明:在相同条件下,胡麻联合播种机的各行排量一致性变异系数和穴粒数合格指数分别为3.85%和93.33%,与台架试验结果接近,满足西北旱区胡麻种植农艺要求。In order to solve the problem of low precision planting efficiency of flax in the arid area of Northwest China,a flax seed with the functions of fertilization,drip irrigation,plastic film mulching,soil mulching and hole sowing was designed.According to the requirements of agronomic planting,the operation analysis and theoretical calculation of the key components of the whole machine were performed,and some structures and operation parameters of sowing device and film mulching device were determined.In order to improve the precision and stability of the roller hole seeder,the length of the introduction trough,the rotational speed of the hole seeder and the cross section height of the seed spoon were taken as the influencing factors.The consistency variation coefficient of discharge and the qualified index of the number of grains in the hole were taken as the experimental index.The bench test of three factors and three levels of flax sowing was carried out,and the field verification experiment was conducted.The results of bench test show that:When the length of introduction trough is 31mm,the rotational speed of hole seeder is 25r/min,and the cross section height of seed spoon is 5mm,the consistency variation coefficient of hole seeder discharge and the qualified index of hole grain number are 1.57%and 97.54%,respectively.The field verification test results show that under the same conditions,the row discharge consistency variation coefficient and hole grain number qualified index of flax combined seed are 3.85%and 93.33%,respectively,which are close to the results of bench test.Therefore,the flax combined seeder designed in this study can meet the agronomic requirements of flax planting in the arid area of Northwest China.

关 键 词：胡麻 播种机 设计 性能试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]