不同轨道激扰下柔性轮对重载货车垂向振动特性分析  

Analysis of Vertical Vibration Characteristics of Heavy-duty Freight Cars With Flexible Wheelsets Under Different Excitations

作　　者：朱红霞 刘红军 张成成 王鹏[3] 王翠艳 ZHU Hongxia;LIU Hongjun;ZHANG Chengcheng;WANG Peng;WANG Cuiyan(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Handan University,Handan Hebei 056005,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and SystemSafety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸学院机电学院,河北邯郸056005 [2]石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,石家庄050043 [3]石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,石家庄050043

出　　处：《机械设计与研究》2022年第4期87-93,共7页Machine Design And Research

基　　金：石家庄铁道大学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(ZZ2021-13);河北省教育厅科学技术青年基金资助项目(QN2018237);河北省研究生创新资助项目(CXZZBS2021112)。

摘　　要：为了分析轮对弹性振动对重载货车动力学性能的影响,研究了考虑柔性轮对的重载货车垂向振动响应。建立轮对有限元模型,导入UM软件建立货车刚柔耦合动力学模型,利用线路实测数据验证了模型的有效性。基于实测数据分析了不同服役阶段车轮多边形几何特征,得到车轮径向偏差和谐波阶次的演变规律。在谐波激振、轨道短波激励以及车轮不圆激励下,仿真分析了货车模型的轮对垂向加速度、轮轨垂向力响应特性。结果表明:随着运营里程的增加,车轮径向偏差值增大,车轮不圆阶次逐渐向高阶发展。谐波波长越短对轮对弹性振动影响越大;短波轨道激励下刚柔耦合货车模型在中频段(25~50)Hz内的振动能量比刚性货车模型小30%左右;服役初期和后期的车轮不圆激励下,轮对在高频范围(300~500)Hz的弹性振动容易被激发,且后者引起的轮对垂向振动相比刚性货车模型振动差异显著。In order to analyze the influence of wheelset elastic vibration on the dynamic performance of heavy-duty trucks,the vertical vibration response of heavy-duty trucks considering the flexible wheelsets is studied.The wheelset finite element model is established and imported to the UM software to establish the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model of the truck.Then the validity of the model is verified by the measured data.Based on the measured data,the polygonal geometric characteristics of the wheels in different service stages are analyzed,and the wheel radial deviation and the harmonic order are obtained.Under harmonic excitation,track short-wave excitation and wheel out-of-round excitation,simulation analysis of the truck model’s wheelset vertical acceleration and wheel-rail vertical force response characteristics are analyzed.The results show that,as the operating mileage increases,the wheel radial deviation increases,and the wheel out-of-round order gradually develops to a higher order.The shorter the harmonic wavelength,the greater the impact on the elastic vibration of the wheelset.And the vibration energy of the rigid-flexible coupled truck model in the mid-frequency band(25~50)Hz under shortwave track excitation is about 30%less than that of the rigid truck model.In the early and late stages of service under the excitation of non-circular wheels,the elastic vibration of the wheelset in the high frequency range(300~500)Hz is easily excited,and the vertical vibration of the wheelset caused by the latter is significantly different from the vibration of the rigid truck model.

关 键 词：重载货车 柔性轮对 谐波激振 短波激励 车轮多边形 

分 类 号：U272.6[机械工程—车辆工程] TH113.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]