2012—2021年成都市哨点医院5岁以下腹泻住院儿童轮状病毒监测结果分析  

Analysis on surveillance results of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under 5 years old in a sentinel hospital of Chengdu from 2012 to 2021

作　　者：郝彩霞[1] 廖雪春[1] 任敏[1] 刘雅琼[1] 谢晓丽 商丽虹 熊励晶 曹冉冉[1] 马小珍[1] HAO Cai-xia;LIAO Xue-chun;REN Min;LIU Ya-qiong;XIE Xiao-li;SHANG Li-hong;XIONG Li-jing;CAO Ran-ran;MA Xiao-zhen(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China;Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital,Chengdu 610014,Sichuan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [2]成都市妇女儿童中心医院,成都610014

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2022年第4期213-217,共5页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的了解成都市某哨点医院5岁以下腹泻住院儿童轮状病毒病原学种类及流行病学特征,为制定控制措施和疫苗研发提供依据。方法采集2012-2021年成都市哨点医院5岁以下腹泻住院儿童粪便标本2413份,采用ELISA法检测标本中的轮状病毒检测,并对阳性标本采用RT-PCR进行G、P分型。采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共检出阳性标本515份,轮状病毒阳性率为21.34%。不同年份轮状病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.366,P=0.022)。不同月份轮状病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=416.979,P<0.001);轮状病毒感染表现为明显的季节性,流行于11月出现,流行高峰出现在次年12月至次年3月。男性和女性轮状病毒阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.502,P=0.220)。1岁年龄组轮状病毒阳性率最高,不同年龄组轮状病毒阳性率差别有统计学意义(χ^(2)=78.760,P<0.001)。轮状病毒基因分型以G9P[8]为主,其次是G3P[8]、G1P[8]和G2P[4]。结论成都市哨点医院5岁以下腹泻住院儿童轮状病毒基因呈多样性,以G9P[8]为主,轮状病毒腹泻发病人群以1岁年龄组散居儿童为主,属重点防控人群,加强重点人群防护和疫苗接种有助于轮状病毒腹泻的防控。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic species of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under 5 years old in a sentinel hospital in Chengdu City and to provide evidence for the formulation of prevention and control measures and vaccine development.Methods A total of 2413 stool samples from hospitalized children under 5 years old were collected in a sentinel hospital of Chengdu City from 2012 to 2021.Rotavirus in the samples were detected by ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay)method,and positive samples were classified into G or P genotypes by RT-PCR(real time-polymerase chain reaction).Descriptive epidemiological methods were conducted for analysis.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates,and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results A total of 515 positive samples were detected,with a positive rate of 21.34%.The positive rates of rotavirus were significantly different among different years(χ^(2)=19.366,P=0.022)and among different months(χ^(2)=416.979,P<0.001).Rotavirus infection showed obvious seasonality,with the epidemic appearing in November and the peak from December to March of the following year.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of rotavirus between males and females(χ^(2)=1.502,P=0.220).The positive rate of rotavirus was highest in 1-year-old age group.The positive rates of rotavirus were significantly different among different age groups(χ^(2)=78.760,P<0.001).The genotyping of rotavirus was mainly G9P[8],followed by G3P[8],G1P[8]and G2P[4].Conclusions The genotypes of rotavirus in hospitalized children with diarrhea under 5 years old in the sentinel hospital in Chengdu City were diverse,and the main genotype was G9P[8].Rotavirus diarrhea mainly occurred in scattered children of 1-year-old age group.Thus,this age group became a priority population for prevention and control.Strengthening the protection and vaccination of key population is helpful to the prevention and control of the disease.

关 键 词：轮状病毒 儿童 监测 流行特征 阳性率 基因型 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学] R725.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]