《中华本草》之毒性中药特点及应用分析  

Analysis of Characteristics and Application of Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicine inChinese Materia Medica

作　　者：姬叔梅 秦世磊 彭孟凡 秦格 陈丹丹 左艇[1] 苗明三[1] JI Shumei;QIN Shilei;PENG Mengfan;QIN Ge;CHEN Dandan;ZUO Ting;MIAO Mingsan(School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学药学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第19期214-221,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家中医药管理局标准化项目(GZY-FJS-2020-219);河南省重大公益专项(201300310100);河南省中医药科学研究专项课题(20-21ZYZD02)。

摘　　要：目的:统计并分析《中华本草》中毒性中药及其特点,为毒性药物的开发应用提供参考。方法:对《中华本草》收录的中药逐一筛选,以“药性”“用法用量”及收录古籍中明显出现“大毒,剧毒,有毒,小毒,微毒”为纳入标准,并将符合标准的毒性中药录入Excel表格进行统计分析。结果:共纳入毒性中药1408种,性味以寒凉、苦辛甘为主;归经以肝、肺、脾、胃经为主;入药部位以根、全草、叶类较多,毒性药物入药前处理方法以晒干、鲜用、炒、煅、炙等为主;功效分类以清热药、祛风湿药、活血化瘀药为主;给药方式内服以汤剂、丸剂、散剂为主,外用以敷、浸洗、涂敷为主;给药剂量内服以9~15 g、3~9 g、3~6 g居多,外用以适量为主。结论:《中华本草》中明确记载的毒性中药颇多,但收录于《中华人民共和国药典》的明确有毒性的中药仅83种,有待进一步加强实验观察及临床数据验证。毒性中药临床应用以热毒血证、风湿痹症为主,与其性味归经关系密切,如“热者寒之”,“苦”能泄能燥,具有清泄火热的作用,“辛”能散能行,具有行气活血的作用,“甘”能补能和能缓,具有补益、缓急止痛的作用,多用于热证、血证及痹证的治疗。然而,毒性中药的分级、炮制条件等方面存在一定的局限性,有待进一步改进及科学验证。Objective:To count and analyze the toxic traditional Chinese medicines and their characteristics in Chinese Materia Medica,so as to provide reference for the development and application of toxic drugs.Method:The traditional Chinese medicines included in Chinese Materia Medica were screened one by one,and the inclusion criteria were"drug properties","usage and dosage"and"major poison,highly poisonous,poisonous,slightly poisonous,slightly poisonous"appearing in ancient books.Standard toxic traditional Chinese medicines were entered into an excel sheet for statistical analysis.Result:A total of 1408 toxic Chinese medicines were included.The properties and flavors were mainly cold,bitter,pungent and sweet;the main meridians were liver,lung,spleen and stomach;the root,whole grass and leaves were the most used medicinal parts,and there were many toxic drugs.The pre-treatment methods are mainly sun-dried,fresh,fried,calcined,and sunburned;the efficacy categories are mainly heat-clearing drugs,rheumatism drugs,blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs;oral administration methods are mainly decoctions,pills,and powders,mainly for external application,dipping,and coating;the dosage for oral administration is mostly 9-15 g,3-9 g,3-6 g,and an appropriate amount is mainly for external use.Conclusion:There are many toxic Chinese medicines clearly recorded in Chinese Materia Medica,but only 83 kinds of clearly toxic Chinese medicines are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,which need to be further strengthened by experimental observation and clinical data verification.The clinical application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine is mainly based on heat toxin blood syndrome and rheumatic arthralgia,which is closely related to its nature,taste and meridian return.Able to move,has the effect of activating Qi and activating blood,"sweet"can replenish energy and slow down,and has the effect of tonic,alleviation and pain relief,and mostly used for the treatment of heat syndrome,blood syndrome and arthralgia syndrome.However,there are

关 键 词：中华本草 毒性中药 性味归经 应用特点 存在问题 

分 类 号：R2-0[医药卫生—中医学] R33R28