葫芦科作物多倍化研究进展  

Advances in the research on polyploidization in Cucurbitaceae crops

作　　者：虞夏清 陈劲枫[1] YU Xiaqing;CHEN Jinfeng(State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2022年第5期874-882,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目(PZCZ201719);国家自然科学基金项目(31902006)。

摘　　要：多倍化是物种形成与作物驯化的重要驱动力之一。多倍化能够在短期内极大丰富物种多样性,因此被广泛应用于作物的遗传改良。利用多倍化开展的作物品种改良已在西瓜、黄瓜、甜瓜等重要葫芦科作物中获得成功。近期研究发现,多倍体通常具有明显的环境适应性优势,在全球气候问题日益严峻的今天,利用多倍化提高葫芦科作物的环境适应能力已成为葫芦科作物育种的重要内容之一。根据基因组组成的不同,多倍体可分为同源多倍体和异源多倍体,以往的葫芦科作物研究多数只关注于同源多倍体,对于异源多倍体的认识与研究存在明显不足,有待进一步开发与利用。随着基因组测序技术的发展以及多种组学和分子生物学技术的快速发展,植物多倍化研究取得了许多重要的进展,为葫芦科作物多倍化相关机制研究提供了前所未有的机会。本文系统综述了近年来葫芦科作物多倍化研究现状,探讨多倍化在葫芦科作物育种中的发展与未来,为葫芦科作物以及其他作物的遗传育种提供参考。Polyploidization is one of the important driving forces of speciation and crop domestication.Polyploidization is widely employed in the research and application of crops because it can greatly enrich the diversity in a very short period of time.Crop improvement using polyploidization has been successful in watermelon,cucumber,melon and other important Cucurbitaceae crops.Recent studies have shown that polyploids often have distinct environmental fitness advantages.With the increasingly serious of climate problems nowadays,improving the environmental adaptability of Cucurbitaceae crops via polyploidy has become one of the essential contents of Cucurbitaceae crop breeding.According to the genome composition,polyploids are divided into autopolyploids and allopolyploids.Most of the previous studies on Cucurbitaceae crops only focused on autopolyploid,and the understanding and research on allopolyploid were obviously lacking,which needed further development and utilization.Meanwhile,along with the advancement of genome sequencing technology and the rapid development of various omics and molecular biology technologies,many important progresses have been made in plant polyploidy research,which provides unprecedented opportunity for research on polyploidy-related mechanisms in Cucurbitaceae crops.This paper systematically reviewed the recent research and application on polyploidy in Cucurbitaceae crops,aiming to explore the development and future of polyploidy in the breeding of Cucurbitaceae crops,and providing a reference for the genetic breeding of cucurbit and other crops.

关 键 词：葫芦科 多倍体 表型 组学 育种 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]