萝卜细胞质雄性不育性遗传机制及其利用研究进展  

Advances on genetic mechanism and utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility in radish

作　　者：柳李旺[1] 李冰霜 董俊辉 张晓莉 王燕[1] 徐良[1] LIU Liwang;LI Bingshuang;DONG Junhui;ZHANG Xiaoli;WANG Yan;XU Liang(State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crop(East China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室/农业农村部华东地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室/园艺学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2022年第5期883-897,共15页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172579);江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS〔2021〕071);江苏现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系根茎类蔬菜创新团队(JATS〔2021〕462);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX〔2020〕3144];三亚南京农业大学研究院引导资金项目(NAUSY-MS02)。

摘　　要：细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)在萝卜与近缘芸薹属作物杂种优势利用中起着重要作用,CMS育性机制的研究有助于揭示细胞核-质互作的分子基础。萝卜CMS不育类型主要有Ogura、Kos、NWB和DCGMS等。Ogura CMS起源于日本野生萝卜,多在四分体-单核小孢子期败育;NWB和DCGMS CMS起源于欧洲野生萝卜,败育发生在单核小孢子时期。现已鉴定到多个萝卜CMS不育基因(orf 138、orf125、orf463和orf463a等)及育性恢复基因(Rfo、Rf3、Rfs、Rfk1和Rfd1等)。通过分析不育基因与恢复基因(Rf)的遗传模式、结构特征和相互作用,初步阐明了萝卜Ogura CMS形成与育性恢复机制,即Rf基因所编码的PPR-B蛋白特异结合不育基因orf 138 mRNA,充当核糖体阻断剂特异性地阻止翻译延伸,从而降低ORF138蛋白含量以恢复育性,但是PPR-B蛋白上的结合位点尚需鉴定。此外,本文还对育性恢复基因标记开发、雄性不育系转育以及作为近缘种的不育胞质源等萝卜CMS不育胞质利用相关领域研究进展进行了阐述,并展望了CMS不育性遗传机制与利用领域存在的问题及研究重点。Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)plays an important role in utilizing the heterosis of radish and related Brassica crops,at the same time,the investigation of CMS fertility mechanism will facilitate dissecting the molecular mechanism underlying nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction.The main types of CMS sterility in radish include Ogura,Kos,NWB and DCGMS.Ogura CMS originates from Japanese wild radish whose microspore is mostly aborted at tetrad-uninucleate stage,and NWB and DCGMS CMS originate from European wild radish whose microspore abortion occurs at the uninucleate stage.Several CMS sterility genes including orf 138,orf125,orf463 and orf 463 a,and the fertility restoring genes including Rfo,Rf 3,Rfs,Rfk1 and Rfd 1,were identified.With the investigation of the genetic model,structural characteristics and interaction of sterile and fertility restoring(Rf)gene,the mechanism underlying the Ogura CMS and fertility restoration have been clarified.That is,the PPR-B protein encoded by Rf gene specifically binds the mRNA of orf 138,and acts as a ribosome blocker,and it specifically prevents translation elongation,thus reducing the content of ORF138 protein to restore fertility;however,the binding site of the PPR-B protein needs to be identified.In addition,the progress in the fields of radish CMS sterile cytoplasmic utilization,including the development of fertility restoring gene markers,the transferring male sterility,and the sterile cytoplasmic source for a related species,was reviewed in the paper,and the existing problems and research priorities in the field of genetic mechanism and utilization of CMS were also prospected.

关 键 词：萝卜 细胞质雄性不育 恢复基因 遗传机制 研究进展 

分 类 号：S631.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]