国内外无土栽培技术研究现状与应用前景  

Research status and application prospects of soilless culture technology in the world

作　　者：孙锦[1] 李谦盛[1] 岳冬[1] 高洪波[1] 康云艳[1] 田婧[1] 李晶[1] 郭世荣[1] SUN Jin;LI Qiansheng;YUE Dong;GAO Hongbo;KANG Yunyan;TIAN Jing;LI Jing;GUO Shirong(College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2022年第5期898-915,共18页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001901)。

摘　　要：无土栽培作为现代农业中的先进技术,已经有180余年的发展历史。无土栽培摆脱了农业生产依赖于土壤的局限性,开创了一种全新的农业生产方式,使农业生产在时间、空间、产量、品质等方面发挥出无限可能性,必将对解决人类资源、环境、食物三大关键生存问题发挥重要作用。当前,无土栽培已由试验研究全面转入生产应用阶段,其关键技术日渐成熟,生产体系逐步完善,产业规模迅速扩大。本文在分析国内外无土栽培发展概况的基础上,从营养液、栽培基质、栽培系统及其配套装备三方面,介绍了国内外无土栽培取得的技术进步,提出了加强基础理论研究、研制技术标准、研发配套技术、集成轻简化技术、强化营养液循环利用、开发“智慧型”无土栽培技术等重点研发任务,并从绿色、环保、节水、高效、高品质现代农业生产,以及都市、非耕地农业发展等方面分析无土栽培技术的应用前景。Soilless culture is the most advanced technology in modern agriculture,with nearly 180 years’history.It breaks through the limitation that agricultural production depends on soil,and starts a new agricultural mode of offering an unlimited possibility in terms of time,space,yield and quality of agricultural production,which will play an important role in solving three key problems of human survival such as resourses,environments and foods.At present,soilless cultivation has been transferred from stage of experimental research to a stage of production and application,its key technology is becoming more and more mature,its production system is gradually improving,and its industrial scale is rapidly expanding.In this paper,the developmental status of soilless culture in the world was analyzed,and its technical progresses was introduced from three aspects such as nutrient solution,cultivation medium,cultivation system and its supporting equipment.Then we put forward some key research and development tasks,such as theoretical research,technical standards,supporting technologies,simplified technology integrating,nutrient solution recycling,and intelligent technology of soilless cultivation.The application prospect of soilless cultivation technology was analyzed from the aspects of green,environmental protection,water saving,high efficiency,high quality,modern agricultural production,and the development of urban and non-cultivated land agriculture.

关 键 词：无土栽培 技术进步 研发重点 应用前景 

分 类 号：S62[农业科学—园艺学]