犯罪阶段形态的新见解  

New Insights into Crime Stage Patterns

作　　者：马荣春 沈丹妮 Ma Rongchun;Shen Danni

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学法律系,江苏南京211105 [2]扬州大学法学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2022年第3期90-102,共13页HUXIANG LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：犯罪中止应从行为结构作出相应的定性和处置,而不应笼统地作为犯罪对待。犯罪中止行为本身不仅不是犯罪,而且是应予鼓励的合法行为。而若中止行为之前的行为已经构成相关犯罪,便可予以相应的究责。立于犯罪中止制度的原本宗旨和犯罪中止的性质真相,犯罪中止的刑法体系地位和刑法学体系地位应彻底改变,并可将其置于犯罪论中的正当防卫和紧急避险之后,且可作出新的法条设计。最终,犯罪中止问题应在“非罪化事由”中得到合理解决。在犯罪未遂理论中,间接故意犯的未遂和举动犯的未遂都应得到肯定;在犯罪既遂理论中,危险犯包括具体危险犯和抽象危险犯的未遂应得到新的把握,且具体危险犯和抽象危险犯的既遂判断应体现具体危险犯和抽象危险犯的各自特质;在犯罪既遂理论中,直接故意结果加重犯的既遂可按照单一客体直接故意结果加重犯与复杂客体直接故意结果加重犯展开讨论。而对于复杂客体直接故意结果加重犯的既遂,应将“主要客体”作为判断基准,即只有“主要客体”受到实际侵害,复杂客体直接故意结果加重犯的既遂才有可能。The suspension of crimes should be characterized and dealt with according to the behavior structure,and should not be treated as a crime in general.Criminal suspension is not a crime itself,but a lawful act that should be encouraged.And if the behavior before the suspension has constituted a relevant crime,it can be held accountable accordingly.Based on the original purpose of the crime suspension system and the truth of the nature of crime suspension,the status of crime suspension in the criminal law system and the criminal law system should be completely changed,and it can be placed after the legitimate defense and emergency avoidance in crime theories,and can form a new legal design.Ultimately,the issue of crime suspension should be formalized in the"non-criminal stage",so that it can be reasonably resolved in the"decriminalization grounds".In the theory of attempted crime,both the indirect intentional attempt and the attempted crime should be affirmed;in the accomplished crime theory,the attempted dangerous crime,including the specific dangerous crimes and the abstract dangerous crime,should be newly grasped,and the specific dangerous crime and the attempted crime should be newly grasped.Accomplished judgment of abstract dangerous crime should reflect the respective characteristics of concrete dangerous crime and abstract dangerous crime;in the accomplished crime theory,the accomplished crime of direct intentional aggravated crime can be developed according to single object direct intentional aggravated crimes and complex object direct intentional aggravated crimes.As for the consummation of aggravated offense directly and intentionally of a complex object,the"main object"should be used as the judgment criterion,that is,only when the"main object"is actually infringed can the consummation of a complex object directly and intentionally result in aggravated offense be possible.

关 键 词：犯罪阶段形态 间接故意犯 举动犯 危险犯 直接故意结果加重犯 

分 类 号：D924.11[政治法律—刑法学]