滇西南山地农耕区小兽多样性空间分布格局及与寄生蚤关系  

DIVERSITY,SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PARASITIC FLEAS OF SMALL MAMMALS IN MOUNTAINOUS FARMING AREA OF SOUTHWEST YUNNAN

作　　者：琚俊科 李栋[1,5] 龚正达 高子厚 连宏宇[1] 权寿瑛[1] 段兴德 冯锡光 洪梅[2] 张丽云[2] JU Jun-ke;LI Dong;GONG Zheng-da;GAO Zi-hou;LIAN Hong-yu;KWON Sue-young;DUAN Xing-de;FENG Xi-guang;HONG Mei;ZHANG Li-yun(Institute of Public Health,Dali University,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention,Puer 665099,Yunnan,China;Anyang People′s Hospital,Anyang 455000,He′nan,China;PKU Care Luan Hospital,Xiangyuan 046204,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000 [3]云南省寄生虫病防治所,云南普洱665099 [4]安阳市第五人民医院,河南安阳455000 [5]北大医疗潞安医院,山西襄垣046204

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2022年第2期98-110,共13页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30460124;30860250)。

摘　　要：云南西南部山区广泛存在家鼠型鼠疫疫源地,为了解该区域山地农耕区小兽类物种多样性空间分布格局、特征及其与寄生蚤之间关系,本文以滇西南的耿马、临沧、陇川、龙陵、盈江、梁河、腾冲和云龙8县(市)为调查研究的空间范围,对各县(市)多个乡镇的农耕区进行小兽及寄生蚤类的调查取样,所获小兽和蚤类数据进行统计学处理后,就当地小兽物种多样性空间分布格局、特征及其与蚤类之间的关系进行分析和探讨。结果显示:(1)共捕获小兽7科19属35种共2890只,采获小兽体表寄生蚤6科16属27种共2840只。两者科、属和种不同阶元丰富度之间对比后可以看出,宿主小兽科、属和种的丰富度均较寄生蚤类的丰富度高一些,他们之间的差距并随着科、属至种的分类阶元变小而呈现逐步增大的趋势。(2)由于地理位置和气候环境条件的差异,各县(市)样区小兽的物种丰富度明显不同,其中,最高为临沧24种,其次腾冲和云龙各20种,最低为耿马仅8种。此外,各县(市)小兽的优势种及其相对多度也不尽相同,其中,黄胸鼠是耿马(69.51%)、陇川(52.18%)、龙陵(43.36%)和梁河(34.03%)的优势种;斑胸鼠(53.21%)、滇绒鼠(20.48%)、锡金小鼠(23.10%)、屋顶鼠(30.29%)分别为盈江、临沧、腾冲和云龙数量上的优势种;而其余物种的多度相对较少或很少。(3)小兽物种丰富度(γ多样性)总体的变化趋势呈现了随海拔的升高而逐步降低的分布特征。(4)小兽的Cody指数(β多样性)沿海拔梯度的增加呈现逐步升高的趋势,最高点位于海拔C~D带(2000~2500 m)。而Sorenson指数随海拔增高呈逐步降低的分布格局,最高点位于A~B带(800~1500 m)。它显示了高寒层(海拔2500 m以上)暖温带气候类型农耕区小兽群落、物种和区系的组成发生了较大变化。(5)小兽物种丰富度和物种多样性(α多样性)以临沧、腾冲和云龙3县市较高,多样性指数分Commensal rodent plague foci are widespread in mountainous areas of southwest Yunnan.To understand the spatial distribution pattern and characteristics of species diversity of small mammals and their relationship with parasitic fleas in local farms,as spatial units,Gengma,Lincang,Longchuan,Longling,Yingjiang,Lianghe,Tengchong and Yunlong counties or cities in southwest Yunnan were investigated.After sampled,small mammals and their parasitic fleas were identified to species,and then the spatial distribution pattern and characteristics of species diversity of small mammals and their relationship with parasitic fleas were analyzed and discussed.The results are as follows:(1)A total of 2890 small mammals belonging to 35 species,19 genera and 7 families were captured with 2840 fleas classified into 27 species,16 genera and 6 families.The richness of small mammals in genera and species levels is higher than those of parasitic fleas.The variations increase gradually along with taxa order from family,genus to species.(2)Species richness of small mammals in the sample areas of each county changed significantly along with the variations in geographical locations and climatic parameters.Among them,there are 24 rodent species in Lincang,20 species in Tengchong and 20 species in Yunlong,and only 8 species in Gengma respectively.The dominant species and relative abundance of the small animals varied in different regions.Of them,Rattus flavipectus is the dominant species in Gengma(69.51%),Longchuan(52.18%),Longling(43.36%)and Lianghe county(34.03%).While Rattus yunnanensis(53.21%),Eothenomys eleusis(20.48%),Mus pahari(23.10%)and Rattus brunneusculus(30.29%)were the dominant species in Yingjiang,Lincang,Tengchong and Yunlong county,respectively;the abundance is relatively few or few of the other species.(3)The overall trends of species richness(γdiversity)of small mammals decreased along with the elevation of sample sites.(4)The Cody index(βdiversity)of small mammals increased gradually along with the elevation gradient,and th

关 键 词：小型兽类 物种多样性 生态优势度 物种多度 空间分布 蚤类 相关分析 家鼠鼠疫疫源地 滇西南 

分 类 号：S855.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]