松天牛小首螨的研究Ⅰ.生物学特性  

Research on Paracarophenax alternatusⅠ.Biological Characteristics

作　　者：李俊楠[1] 朱禹臻 陈润恺 付煜 蔡梦玲 黄炳荣 徐云 吴松青[1] 张飞萍[1] Li Junnan;Zhu Yuzhen;Chen Runkai;Fu Yu;Cai Mengling;Huang Bingrong;Xu Yun;Wu Songqing;Zhang Feiping(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests,Fujian Province University,Fuzhou 350002;Fujian Provincial Bureau of Forestry Pest and Disease Control and Quarantine,Fuzhou 350003)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,生态公益林重大有害生物防控福建省高校重点实验室,福州350002 [2]福建省林业有害生物防治检疫局,福州350003

出　　处：《林业科学》2022年第6期79-87,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400900);福建省林业科技项目(闽林文[2021]35号);国家林业和草原局重大应急科技项目(ZD202001)。

摘　　要：【目的】松天牛小首螨是新发现的对松褐天牛卵具有寄生和致死作用的微型螨类,研究阐明其生物学特性,为利用该螨防治松褐天牛提供基础依据。【方法】通过室内饲养、显微观察和控制性试验,研究松天牛小首螨的行为习性、寄生率、发育历期、繁殖力和寿命等。【结果】松天牛小首螨属携播螨类,成螨附着在松褐天牛成虫胸腹部,在天牛产卵时沿产卵器爬行到刻槽中寄生天牛卵。该螨营两性生殖,雌成螨寄生天牛卵后腹部膨大形成膨腹体,若螨在母体膨腹体内完成发育,成螨自膨腹体胎生,1个膨腹体通常只产1~2头雄螨,其余均为雌螨。雄成螨先自膨腹体爬出并停留在旁,雌成螨自膨腹体爬出后即寻找雄成螨交尾,交尾过程持续3~6 s。松天牛小首螨对松褐天牛卵的平均寄生率为80.85%,被寄生的松褐天牛卵均干瘪、死亡。温度对该螨发育历期、雌成螨寿命和膨腹体大小均有显著影响,随着温度升高其发育历期和雌成螨寿命均显著缩短。该螨在17℃下的平均发育历期为6.9天,在33℃下为2.2天,其发育起点温度为(10.44±0.09)℃,有效积温为(46.28±0.28)d·℃;雌成螨在15℃下的平均寿命为70.3天,在30℃下为10.7天;雌螨膨腹体体积在21℃下为1.54 mm 3,在17℃下为0.72 mm 3。松天牛小首螨在25℃下平均每雌可产71.2头后代,最少14头,最多139头。该螨繁殖力与母体膨腹体大小呈显著正相关,当膨腹体体积小于1.0 mm 3时,平均每雌可产后代32.2头,但当膨腹体体积大于3.0 mm 3时,则平均每雌可产后代110.9头。【结论】松天牛小首螨对松褐天牛卵的寄生和致死率高,发育速度快、繁殖力强、易于人工扩繁和传播扩散,是极具应用潜能的生物防治因子。【Objective】Paracarophenax alternatus is a newly found parasitic mite species that can feed on and kill the eggs of Monochamus alternatus,the main vector of pine wilt disease in China.Clarification of its biological characteristics can provide a basis for the applications of this mite to control M.alternatus.【Method】The behavioral habits,parasitism rate,development duration,fecundity and longevity of P.alternatus were investigated through indoor breeding and microscopic observation under controlled conditions.【Result】P.alternatus is a phoretic mite and the adults usually attached on the thorax and abdomen of the adult of M.alternatus.Phoretic mites crawled into the oviposition grooves and then parasitized to kill the eggs of M.alternatus.P.alternatus reproduced as gamogenesis and viviparism mode.After parasitizing the egg,the abdomen of female adult mite gradually expanded into physogastry.The nymphs grew in the physogastry,and the adults crawled out from the physogastry one by one.The male adult mites crawled out first and then stayed aside the physogastry waiting for mating.The mating process lasted for 3-6 s commonly.Usually,a female mite reproduced only 1 to 2 male mites,and the rest were all females.The parasitism rate of P.alternatus to M.alternatus egg reached 80.85%,and all parasitized eggs became shriveled and died.Temperature played a significant role on the developmental duration,longevity and the physogastry volume of P.alternatus.With the increase of temperature,both development duration and longevity of P.alternatus significantly shortened.Averagely,the development duration was 6.9 d at 17℃and then decreased to 2.2 d at 33℃.Its developmental threshold temperature was(10.44±0.09)℃,and the effective accumulated temperature was(46.28±0.28)d·℃.The adult female mites could survive 70.3 d at 15℃and 10.7 d at 30℃.The volume of the physogastry was 1.54 mm 3 at 21℃,however,decreased to 0.72 mm 3 at 17℃.P.alternatus showed a high fecundity,and each female adult reproduced average

关 键 词：松天牛小首螨 松褐天牛 松材线虫病 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]