不同播期下春季追肥方式对冬小麦产量及群体性状的影响  

Effects of spring topdressing on grain yield and population characteristics of winter wheat at different sowing dates

作　　者：易媛 张会云[1] 刘东涛[1] 马红勃[1] 刘立伟 赵娜 冯国华[1] YI Yuan;ZHANG Hui-yun;LIU Dong-tao;MA Hong-bo;LIU Li-wei;ZHAO Na;FENG Guo-hua(Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Science,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221131;Yangzhou Wheat Research Institute,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏徐州221131 [2]扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第8期158-164,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：徐州市重点研发计划(KC21131);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS 3-2-10);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2018340-02);江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心。

摘　　要：以江麦869、徐麦178为供试品种,通过设置不同播期与春季追肥方式的互作处理,探究不同播期条件下缓释肥替代尿素的增产效果,以期为江苏淮北地区实现小麦高产高效轻简化生产提供理论依据。结果表明,江麦869和徐麦178的适宜播期分别为10月10~25日和10月10日前后。推迟播期,2个品种孕穗期最大叶面积指数、干物质积累量、高峰苗均呈下降趋势,而收获指数有所增加,茎蘖成穗率在播期10月25日条件下最高。各春季追肥方式中,返青期施用缓释肥可有效增加最大叶面积指数,促进小麦干物质积累,因而增产效果显著优于其他3种处理,且不必等雨或灌水施肥,简化了春季追肥程序。Taking Jiangmai869 and Xumai178 as the test materials,by setting the interaction treatment of different sowing dates and spring topdressing methods,the yield increase effects of slow-release fertilizer instead of urea under different sowing dates was explored,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the realization of high yield,high efficiency,light and simplified production of wheat,in Huaibei region,Jiangsu province.The results showed as follows:the suitable sowing date was duving October 10-25th for Jiangmai869,and around October 10th for Xumai178.When the sowing stage delayed,the maximum leaf area index at booting stage,dry matter accumulation after anthesis,and the maximum number of stem and tillers all decreased,while the harvest index increased.The higher earbearing tiller percentage was achieved when planting two wheat varieties at October 25th.The grain yield was the highest when applying slow-released fertilizer at re-greening stage,due to its improvement on maximum leaf area index and dry matter accumulation.So the yield increase effect was singnificanlty better than the other three treatments,and fertilization can be carried out not waiting for irrigation or precipition,which simplifying fertilization procedure.

关 键 词：小麦产量 群体质量 播期 追肥方式 轻简化 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]