皖南单季稻区种植利用紫云英对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及稻米品质的影响  

Effects of Chinese milk vetch on yield,nitrogen use efficiency and quality of rice in single cropping rice area of Southern Anhui province

作　　者：卜容燕 韩上 程文龙 胡润 朱勤 李敏[1] 王慧 唐杉[1] 武际[1] BU Rong-yan;HAN Shang;CHENG Wen-long;HU Run;ZHU Qin;LI Min;WANG Hui;TANG Shan;WU Ji(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resource Environment of Anhui Province,Hefei Anhui 230031;Chizhou Agricultural Science Research Institute,Chizhou Anhui 247100)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/养分循环与资源环境安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [2]池州市农业科学研究所,安徽池州247100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第8期184-190,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085QD165);安徽省科技重大专项(202003a06020008);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41807106);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(绿肥,CARS-22)。

摘　　要：为了探明种植利用紫云英在稻田系统的化学氮肥替代潜力,通过4年田间定位试验,设置冬闲+不施氮(-N)、冬闲+100%N(100%N)、紫云英+不施氮(GM)、紫云英+40%氮肥(GM+40%N)、紫云英+60%氮肥(GM+60%N)和紫云英+80%氮肥(GM+80%N)共6个处理,研究不同处理对水稻产量、氮素吸收、氮肥利用率和品质的影响。结果表明,GM+80%N处理水稻产量、氮素积累量、糙米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、蛋白质和锌含量与100%N处理差异不显著,氮肥利用率、精米率、钙、镁和铁含量显著高于100%N处理(P<0.05),垩白度和直链淀粉含量显著低于100%N处理(P<0.05);GM+60%N处理水稻产量、糙米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度和锌含量与100%N处理差异不显著,氮肥利用率、精米率、钙、镁和铁含量显著高于100%N处理(P<0.05),氮素积累量、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量显著低于100%N处理(P<0.05)。GM+60%N处理水稻产量、氮素积累量、糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、直链淀粉、蛋白质、钙、镁、铁和锌含量与GM+80%N处理差异不显著,但氮肥利用率低于GM+80%N处理。综上所述,在紫云英翻压还田的基础上,水稻季氮肥减施40%比较适宜,且有利于水稻节肥增效并获得优质稻米。Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Chinese milk vetch substitution for chemical nitrogen fertilizer on the rice yield,rice quality,nitrogen uptake,and the nitrogen use efficiency in rice system.There were six treatments,including winter fallow+no chemical nitrogen fertilizer(-N),winter fallow+100%chemical nitrogen fertilizer(100%N),Chinese milk vetch+no chemical nitrogen fertilizer(GM),Chinese milk vetch+40%chemical nitrogen fertilizer(GM+40%N),Chinese milk vetch+60%chemical nitrogen fertilizer(GM+60%N),Chinese milk vetch+80%chemical nitrogen fertilizer(GM+80%N).There were no significant differences in the rice yield,nitrogen accumulation,brown rice rate,head rice rate,chalky grain rate,protein and zinc content between GM+80%N and 100%N.Nitrogen use efficiency,milled rice rate,calcium,magnesium and iron contents of GM+80%N treatment were significantly higher than those of 100%N treatment(P<0.05).Chalkiness degree and amylose content were low than those of 100%N(P<0.05)significantly.There were no differences in the yield,brown rice rate,head rice rate,chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree and zinc content between the treatments of GM+60%N and 100%N.The nitrogen use efficiency,milled rice rate,calcium,magnesium and iron contents of GM+60%N treatment were significantly higher than that of 100%N treatment(P<0.05),and the nitrogen accumulation,amylose and protein content were significantly lower than that of 100%N treatment(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in rice yield,nitrogen accumulation,brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head rice rate,chalky grain rate,amylose,protein,calcium,magnesium,iron and zinc contents between GM+60%N and GM+80%N,though the nitrogen use efficiency of GM+60%N was lower than that of GM+80%N.In conclusion,it is more appropriate to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer by 40%in rice season to increase the fertilizer efficiency and obtain the superior quality rice with the application of Chinese milk vetch.

关 键 词：紫云英 水稻 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]