上海淀山湖及黄浦江上游鱼类物种多样性及群落结构分析  

Analysis of Fish Species Diversity and Assemblage of Dianshan Lake and Upper Reaches of Huangpu River in Shanghai

作　　者：邵严 唐文乔[1,2] 龚珑 张亚[1,2] 郭弘艺 SHAO Yan;TANG Wen-qiao;GONG Long;ZHANG Ya;GUO Hong-yi(Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment,Shanghai 200003,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室,上海201306 [2]水产种质资源发掘与利用省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海市生态环境局,上海200003

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2022年第7期1482-1493,共12页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900802);上海市生态环境局2020年鱼类群落专项调查项目。

摘　　要：为了解淀山湖及黄浦江上游的鱼类物种多样性组成及群落结构状况,于2020年6月(夏季)和10月(秋季)在10个采样断面对鱼类样本作了定量和定性采集,并对其多样性及群落结构作了分析。2次调查共采集鱼类11 408尾、49种,隶属于9目14科37属。夏季和秋季,淀山湖5个断面合计有鱼类29种和30种,黄浦江上游5个断面有37种和29种,刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和大鳍鱊(Acheilognathus macropterus)为主要优势种。两个水体秋季的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)、Pielou均匀度指数(J’)、Simpson优势度指数(C)和Margale丰富度指数(D)指数均值都高于夏季的均值。相似性分析显示淀山湖各断面之间的鱼类群落相似性高于黄浦江上游各断面之间。ABC曲线表明,淀山湖及黄浦江上游鱼类群落结构总体上并不稳定,特别是淀山湖区域。Cluster聚类和非参数多维标度排序分析可明显将鱼类群落分为黄浦江群组Ⅰ、淀峰群组Ⅱ和淀山湖群组Ⅲ,似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、刀鲚、大鳍鱊、[歺又鱼](Hemiculter leucisculus)和鲫是造成群组间差异性的主要分歧种。与以往研究数据相比,本次调查淀山湖及黄浦江上游鱼类种类有所上升,但鱼类群落仍以小型鱼类为主,受人为因素干扰较为明显。建议淀山湖要继续提升水质、开展鱼类增殖放流、减轻渔业捕捞压力,并控制贝类底拖网的捕捞区域及时间。In order to understand the composition of fish species diversity and assemblage structure in the Dianshan Lake and the upper reaches of Huangpu River,the quantitative and qualitative fish samples were collected from 10 sampling sections in June(summer) and October(Autumn) of 2020,and their species diversity and assemblage structure were analyzed.A total of 11 408 fish specimen were collected,comprising 49 species belonging to 9 orders,14 families,and 37 genera.In summer and autumn,there were 29 and 30 species in the Dianshan Lake,37 and 29 species in the upper reaches of the Huangpu River,respectively.The main dominant species were Coilia nasus、Carassius auratus and Acheilognathus macropterus.The average of Shannon Wiener diversity index(H^(’)),Pielou evenness index(J^(’)),Simpson dominance index(C) and Margale richness index(D) in autumn were higher than those in summer.The fish assemblage in the Dianshan Lake was highly similar to those in the upper reaches of the Huangpu River.The abundance-biomass comparison curve(ABC curve) revealed that fish assemblage was unstable,especially in the Dianshan Lake.The cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional ordination indicated that the fish assemblage could be divided into three groups,e.g.The upper reaches of the Huangpu River group,the Dianfeng Ⅱ and the Dianshan Lake group Ⅲ.Pseudobrama simoni,Coilia nasus,Acheilognathus macropterus,Hemiculter leucisculus,Carassius auratus were the main discriminating species causing the differences among the three groups.Compared with previous survey data,the species of fishes showed an increasing trend.However,the fish assemblage in the Dianshan Lake and the upper reaches of the Huangpu River was still dominated by small-sized fishes,obviously disturbed by human activities.It is necessary to continue to improve water quality,carry out fish proliferation and release,reduce fishing pressure,and control the fishing area and time of shellfish bottom trawl,so as to improve stabilization of fish assemblage and protect the

关 键 词：鱼类 物种多样性指数 相对重要性指数(IRI) 丰度生物量曲线(ABC曲线) Jaccard相似性 Cluster聚类 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]