利用3次方位观测天基初轨确定新方法  

A New Initial Orbit Determination Method Based on Space-based Three Lines of Sight

作　　者：赵柯昕 甘庆波 刘静[1,2,3] ZHAO Ke-xin;GAN Qing-bo;LIU Jing(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012;Space Debris Observation and Data Application Center,China National Space Administration,Beijing 100012;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]国家航天局空间碎片监测与应用中心,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《天文学报》2022年第5期69-79,共11页Acta Astronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12073045);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2018183);国防科工局空间碎片十四五专项(KJSP2020020205、KJSP2020020101)资助。

摘　　要：提出了一种适用于天基空间目标光学观测的初始轨道确定新方法.通过对比地基和天基观测的几何构型,分析了利用天基光学观测数据进行初轨确定时计算收敛到观测平台自身轨道的原因.基于轨道半通径方程和改进Gauss方程,推导出了斜距条件方程组的解析形式,将天基光学观测的初轨确定问题转换为求解关于观测时刻斜距变量的非线性条件方程组的问题.利用轨道能量约束减小了解的搜索区域,消除了方程组的奇点.最后利用天基实测数据验证并分析了非线性条件方程组根的性质,利用低轨光学观测平台对低、中、高轨和大椭圆轨道空间目标的仿真观测数据验证了方法的有效性.In this paper,a new initial orbit determination(IOD)method for space-based optical surveillance is proposed.The problem that orbit calculated result converges to observation platform itself orbit in process of IOD using optical observation measurements is discussed.The IOD problem using space-based angle-only measurements is transformed into the problem of solving nonlinear equations of slant-ranges based on semi-latus rectum equation and improved Gaussian equation.The analytical form of the nonlinear equations of slant-range is derived.A method to remove the singularities of nonlinear equations is proposed.The search range is narrowed by using orbital energy constraint.Finally,the properties of the roots of nonlinear conditional equations are verified and analyzed by using space-based observation data.The effectiveness of the method is verified by using the simulation observations from LEO(Low Earth Orbit)observation platform to LEO,MEO(Middle Earth Orbit),GEO(Geostationary Earth Orbit)and HEO(Highly Elliptical Orbit)targets.

关 键 词：天体测量学 方法:数值 初始轨道 轨道测定 

分 类 号：P135[天文地球—天体力学]