小倾角LEO多星天基平台光学跟踪GEO精密定轨  

Geostationary Satellite Orbit Determination by LEO Networks with Small Inclination

作　　者：邵瑞 宋叶志[1] 叶钊[3] 曾春平 胡小工[1] SHAO Rui;SONG Ye-zhi;YE Zhao;ZENG Chun-ping;HU Xiao-gong(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;DFH Satellite Co,Ltd,Beijing 100094)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]航天东方红卫星有限公司,北京100094

出　　处：《天文学报》2022年第5期127-138,共12页Acta Astronomica Sinica

基　　金：上海天文台重点培育项目(N20210601003);民用航天“十四五”技术预先研究项目(KJSP2020020203)资助。

摘　　要：针对地基卫星测控系统(TrackingTelemetryandCommand,TT&C)系统对地球静止轨道(Geostationary EarthOrbit,GEO)卫星在空间和时间覆盖上的局限性,提出小倾角低地球轨道(LowEarthOrbit,LEO)多星组网天基平台对GEO卫星进行跟踪定轨的方法.根据空间环境和光学可视条件对仿真数据进行筛选以模拟真实的观测场景,利用光学测角数据,使用数值方法对GEO卫星的轨道进行确定.结果与参考轨道进行重叠对比,在平台轨道精度5 m、测量精度5′′、定轨弧长12 h的情况下,两颗LEO卫星对GEO卫星进行跟踪定轨的精度可达到千米量级,4颗LEO卫星对GEO目标进行跟踪定轨的精度可达到百米量级.随着LEO组网卫星数量的增加,定轨精度得到了较大的提高.In view of the limitation of ground-based Tracking Telemetry and Command(TT&C)system in covering the geostationary satellite in space and time,the method of determining the orbit of the geostationary satellite by the LEO(Low Earth Orbit)multi-satellites network with small orbit inclination was proposed.According to the space environment and optical viewing conditions,the simulation data were screened to simulate the real observation scene.The precise orbit determination(POD)of geostationary satellite was calculated by using the optical angle measurement data and the numerical method.By comparing with the reference orbit,under the condition of platform's orbit accuracy of 5 m,measurement accuracy of 5-arcsecond and 12 hours of observation,the POD accuracy of geostationary satellite by two LEO satellites can reach the order of kilometers,while the POD accuracy by four LEO satellites can reach the order of 100 meters.Therefore,the POD accuracy has been greatly improved with the increase of the number of LEO satellites.

关 键 词：航天器:GEO卫星 天体力学:轨道计算和定轨 方法:天基光学观测和数值 

分 类 号：P135[天文地球—天体力学]