永定河水生态质量调查与评价——以北京门头沟段为例  

Investigation and evaluation of water ecological quality of Yongding River:a case study in Mentougou District of Beijing

作　　者：邸林栓 窦婷婷 伦小秀[1] 马伟芳[1] Di Linshuan;Dou Tingting;Lun Xiaoxiu;Ma Weifang(School of Environmental Science&Engineering,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第9期104-115,共12页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077454);北京市科技计划项目(Z211100004321001)。

摘　　要：【目的】永定河作为北京西北部水源涵养区河流主脉,经过近年来一系列修复措施后,河流生态状况恢复显著。但由于对河流生态本底模糊不清,导致河流目前仍存在河道断流、水质不达标等问题,影响了其生态服务功能的发挥。为摸清其生态本底状况和生态服务功能,本研究开展了永定河北京门头沟河段本底调查,并对河流水生态质量进行了评价。【方法】基于分区分类分级的原则,采用层次分析法构建了涵盖水文、生境、水体、水生物和社会服务5方面14项指标的水生态质量评价体系。针对山峡段和平原段指标间重要程度的差异,采用主客观相结合的方法分别赋予了两套权重值,来对河流水生态质量进行评价。【结果】本底调查结果表明:永定河门头沟段存在个别地区水质指标超标、底泥营养物质含量普遍较高的情况。其中下游雁翅−三家店段、三家店−卢沟桥段在一年内断流时间较长,分别达到324和309 d;上清水−斋堂段处于全年无水的状态。评价结果表明:各有水河段均处于“较健康”状况,河流整体生态状况较好。【结论】山峡段基本满足生态涵养功能区的要求,平原段在维持其基本生态功能基础上具有一定的社会服务功能。整体来看,河流水生态质量具有明显的空间分布变异特征,由上游至下游逐渐变差。[Objective]Yongding River is an important water resource in Beijing.After a series of restoration measures in recent years,the ecological status of the river has recovered significantly.However,due to the unclear ecological background of the river,there are still some problems such as river discontinuity and substandard water quality,which affects its ecological service function.This study conducted an investigation on the status of water ecological quality to understand the ecological background and ecological service function of the river.[Method]Based on the principle of zoning,classification and grading,the water ecological quality evaluation system was constructed by the analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis method,with 14 indexes in the aspects of hydrology,habitat,water body,aquatic organism and social service,by combining subjective and objective methods.[Result]The investigation results showed that the water quality index exceeded the standard in some areas and the nutrient content in sediment was generally high.The Yanchi-Sanjiadian section and Sanjiadian-Lugouqiao section had a long period of dry flow within a year,reaching 324 d and 309 d,respectively.The Shangqingshui-Zhaitang section was dry all year round.The evaluation results showed that all water sections of the river were in“relatively healthy”condition.[Conclusion]The gorge section basically meets the requirements of ecological conservation functional area,and the plain section has certain social service function on the basis of maintaining its basic ecological function.The river ecological quality has obvious spatial distribution characteristics,and gradually deteriorates from upriver to downstream.

关 键 词：永定河 水环境 水质量调查 生态评价 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]