论“海上航行安全事故罪”的独立化设置——以刑法中的类型思维为视角  

On the independent setting of “maritime traffic accident crime”——from the perspective of type thinking in criminal law

作　　者：敦宁 DUN Ning(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第3期3-14,共12页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金一般项目“预防型犯罪的法治体系构造研究”(19BFX068);2021年度中华全国总工会重点研究项目“海员权益保障与海上交通事故刑事归责的协调化研究”(84210006)。

摘　　要：中国刑法将海上交通事故与道路交通事故一并纳入交通肇事罪的规制范围,与刑法中的类型思维不相吻合。海上交通事故不仅在危害后果、事故成因和行为主体上具有自身的类型化特征,而且在刑事归责的条件与逻辑、“因逃逸致人死亡”的责任形式等方面也需要进行特殊考量。按照当下的交通肇事罪归责模式,一些实践问题并不能得到妥善解决。因此,适当的做法是在立法上对交通肇事罪进行类型化分割,独立设置“海上航行安全事故罪”。在具体的设置形式上,既要关注海上交通事故的特殊性,也要注意罪刑体系整体的协调性。同时,设置该罪之后,亦需制定专门的司法解释,以对其入罪条件和处罚标准等作出明确的规定。Chinese criminal law incorporates maritime traffic accidents and road traffic accidents into the scope of the regulation of the traffic accident crime, which is not consistent with the type thinking in criminal law. Maritime traffic accidents not only have their own typified characteristics in terms of harmful consequences, accident causes and behavior subjects, but also require special consideration in terms of the conditions and logic of criminal imputation, and the form of responsibility for “death due to escape”. According to the current mode of imputation of traffic accident crime, some practical problems cannot be properly resolved. Therefore, the appropriate approach is to classify the traffic accident crime in legislation, and set up the “maritime traffic accident crime” independently. In terms of the specific setting form, attention should be paid not only to the particularity of maritime traffic accidents, but also to the coordination of the overall crime and punishment system. At the same time, after setting up the crime, it is necessary to formulate a special judicial interpretation to make clear the conviction conditions and punishment standards for the crime.

关 键 词：海上交通事故 经验类型 刑事归责 独立化 犯罪设置 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]