处置海员被遗弃事件的国际合作机制完善与中国因应  

Improvement of the international cooperation mechanism to deal with the abandonment of seafarers and China’s response

作　　者：彭宇 PENG Yu(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第3期33-41,共9页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2018年度上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“新时代海洋强国视域下中国海员发展主要矛盾转化与解决路径研究”(2018EGL015);上海高水平地方高校创新团队(海事安全与保障)项目。

摘　　要：海员被遗弃事件的本质是跨国性非传统安全问题,对其有效治理需要国际合作机制的充分实施。然而,现行相关国际法治并未遏制该事件在全球范围的广泛发生。从现实需求和治理困境两方面研究海员被遗弃处置机制的完善动因,现有处置机制中存在的成员国国内法冲突、船旗国管辖缺位以及港口国缺乏统一、有效的处置程序等治理困境,凸显了治理机制碎片化、国际规则存在模糊、单边主义造成国际合作机制失灵等系统性问题。鉴于此,处置海员被遗弃事件的国际合作机制可向责任明确、程序清晰、共建共享的方向进行完善,可从明确处置原则及具体责任、建立健全程序衔接条件与流程化的信息反馈机制、设立海员救助应急专项基金三方面进行探索。最后,对中国因应提出统筹推进船员权益保障领域国内法治和涉外法治、积极参与海员被遗弃事件的国际治理两点建议。The nature of abandonment of seafarers is a issue of transnational non-traditional security, and its effective governance requires the full implementation of international cooperation mechanism. However, current international rule of law has not prevented the occurrence of such incidents on a global scale. This article examines the reasons for the improvement of the seafarers’ abandonment disposal mechanism from the perspectives of actual needs and governance dilemmas. The existing disposal mechanism includes governance dilemmas such as conflicts in the domestic laws of member states, absence of flag state jurisdiction, and lack of unified and effective disposal procedures for port states. These dilemmas highlight the systemic problems of fragmentation of governance mechanisms, ambiguity of international rules, and failure of international cooperation mechanism caused by unilateralism. In view of this, the international cooperation mechanism for handling the abandonment of seafarers can be improved in the direction of clear responsibilities, clear procedures, and co-construction and sharing, also shall be explored in three aspects from clarifying disposal principles and specific responsibilities, establishing and improving procedures for linking conditions and procedural information feedback mechanisms, and establishing the special fund for rescue and emergency. Finally, China has proposed two key points for coordinating and advancing the domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law in the field of the protection of crew’s rights and interests, and actively participating in the international governance of the abandonment of seafarers.

关 键 词：被遗弃海员 《2006年海事劳工公约》 国际合作机制 全球海事治理 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]