算法规制的立法论研究  

The Study on Algorithm Regulation from the Legislative Perspective

作　　者：任颖[1] REN Ying

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第9期98-111,共14页Political Science and Law

基　　金：中国法学会2021年度部级法学研究课题“智能医疗新技术新业态的叠加型风险防控及融合型立法路径研究”(项目编号:CLS(2021)D47);广州市哲学社科规划2021年度课题“广州健康医疗大数据发展的法律保障研究”(项目编号:2021GZGJ231)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：继数据安全立法、个人信息保护立法之后,算法专项立法亟待得到推进。算法立法的权利设定具有独特性。算法领域的用户标签删除权与个人信息自决权中的删除权、算法解释权与个人信息保护法的知情同意权及解释说明权并不相同。算法专项立法的规制对象具有特殊性。针对算法匹配行为,建议清查算法应用中的用户标签设置;针对算法推荐行为,需要把握算法输出端口,设置算法分发影响评估义务;针对算法决策行为,算法应用人应当提供完整的算法决策输出项信息,并设置介入接口,区分公共领域与私人领域的算法决策、算法辅助决策行为与算法自主决策行为,制定并公开具体的算法决策规则;针对算法筛查行为,须着力解决筛查规则不明、监管缺位而导致的隐私信息泄露、二次致害等问题。算法立法须实现从“算法伦理”到“算法合规”准则设定的转变,未经低质识别,不得进行算法服务。通过算法服务勾选项、应用标签便捷删除、特定应用参数禁用、泛低质识别模块使用、筛查程序的自动转接等细化规定,推动算法规制的利益衡量、个案调和、价值平衡。Following the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law, special legislation on algorithm needs to be promoted urgently. The rights setting in the legislation on algorithm enjoys particularity. The right to delete user tags in the field of algorithms is not the same as the right to delete and the right to explanation of algorithm in the right of self-determination of personal information and the right of informed consent and the right of explanation in the Personal Information Protection Law. The regulated objects of the legislation on algorithm are special. For the algorithmic matching behavior, it is recommended to check the user tag settings in the algorithm application. As for the algorithmic recommendation behavior, it is necessary to correctly recognize the algorithm output port and establish the obligation of algorithm distribution impact assessment. Regarding the algorithmic decision-making behavior, the algorithm user should provide complete algorithmic decision-making output information and set intervention interface, distinguish algorithmic decision-making in public field from that in private field and algorithm-assisted decision-making behavior from autonomous algorithmic decision-making behavior, formulate and publicize detailed rules on algorithmic decision-making. As for the algorithmic screening behavior, efforts should be made to solve the problems such as privacy information leakage and secondary harm in the course of algorithm screening process caused by unclear screening rules and lack of supervision. Algorithm legislation must also realize the transformation of rules establishment from "algorithm ethics" to "algorithm compliance", and stipulates that no one shall carry out algorithm service business activities without expression recognition. The measurement of interests, reconciliation among individual cases and value balance concerning the algorithm regulation should be promoted through detailed provisions on algorithmic service checkbox, convenient deletion of applicatio

关 键 词：算法立法 数据安全法 个人信息保护法 

分 类 号：DF37[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]