论危险故意的构造:以妨害传染病防治罪为例  

On the Structure of Intention of Creating Danger——Taking the Crime of Obstructing the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases as an Example

作　　者：张志钢 ZHANG Zhigang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第9期160-176,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“生态环境犯罪责任归属研究”(项目编号:21BFX062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：妨害传染病防治罪是疫情防控治理中的核心罪名。司法实践中,它的适用既侧重于与(故意)以危险方法危害公共安全罪的界分,也不乏成立共同故意犯罪的实例。而作为理论通说的过失论明显无力解释这种司法现实。尽管故意论的主张日渐增多,囿于内涵各异甚至彼此矛盾,尚未动摇过失论的通说地位。究其原因,现有的故意论未能充分认识到危险故意独立于实害故意的重要意义。危险故意的完整内涵是行为人认识到具体危险且对该具体危险的发生持希望或放任的态度。同时,基于妨害传染病防治罪中危险结果和实害结果特殊的并行规定,也应明确行为人对于实害具有(有认识的)过失。由此,本罪主观要件的完整内容是:危险故意+实害过失。本罪的过失危险论在逻辑上是可能的,但因为它既不符合我国二元处罚体制下的刑事政策精神和立法原意,也与我国目前的危险犯立法体系无法协调,所以应予以否定。The core crime in epidemic prevention and control is the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. In judicial practice, the application of this crime is not only focused on the distinction from the crime( intentionally) endangering public safety by dangerous methods, but also produces practical cases of establishing joint crimes in which the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases is regarded as an intentional crime. rich in the cases of joint intentional crimes. It’s obvious that the theory of negligence, which is prevailing now, is not able to explain the present judicial situation. Although more and more people are advocating the theory of intention, it hasn’t shaken the prevailing position of theory of the negligence due to different even contradicting understanding on its connotation. The underlying reason is that the current theory of intention hasn’t fully realized the significance of intention of creating danger being independent of the intention of creating actual harm. The complete connotation of the intention of creating danger is that the perpetrator recognizes the concrete danger and holds a hopeful or laissez-faire attitude towards the occurrence of such concrete danger. At the same time, based on the special parallel provision on the result of danger and the result of actual harm in the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, it’s necessary to clarify that the perpetrator is negligen(tconsciously) of the actual harm. Therefore, the complete content of subjective elements of this crime is: intention of creating danger + the negligence of creating actual harm. The doctrine of negligence of creating dangeris logically possible to be applied to this crime, but because it neither conforms to the spirit of the criminal policy and the original legislative intent of the dualpunishment system of China, nor can it be coordinated with the existing legislative system on the crimes with danger, so it should

关 键 词：危险故意 妨害传染病防治罪 具体危险犯 过失危险犯 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]