不同营养级生物毒性监测预警比较研究  

Comparative study on monitoring and warning of biotoxicity by aquatic organisms of four different trophic levels

作　　者：王树磊[1] 肖新宗 郭文思 陈珊 王源 王英才 WANG Shulei;XIAO Xinzong;GUO Wensi;CHEN Shan;WANG Yuan;WANG Yingcai(Construction Administration Bureau of the Middle Route of South-North Water Diversion Project,Beijing 100038,China;Henan Branch,Construction Administration Bureau of the Middle Route of South-North Water Diversion Project,Zhengzhou 450018,China;Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center,Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Administration of Ministry of Ecological Environment,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]南水北调中线干线工程建设管理局,北京100038 [2]南水北调中线干线工程建设管理局河南分局,河南郑州450018 [3]生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2022年第9期25-30,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“藻贝类爆发机制与智能预警及防治技术研究”(2021YFC3200902)。

摘　　要：生物毒性监测作为水质安全评价预警的重要手段,能更直观地反映污染物对生态系统和人类健康的潜在风险,可以和理化监测一并深入反映水质污染现状。为进一步推动生物毒性监测技术发展与应用,研究了4种不同营养级生物(鱼类、溞类、藻类及发光菌)对不同污染物的响应。研究结果表明:①斑马鱼对污染物响应范围相对较广,响应阈值相对较高;大型溞对污染物敏感度最强,响应阈值相对较低,响应时间相对较长,预警灵敏度较鱼类好;蛋白核小球藻对污染物响应范围比较窄,对除草剂外的其他污染物敏感性较弱;费氏弧菌对污染物响应比较广谱且迅速,对部分污染物的响应阈值较高。②不同指示生物对污染物的响应范围、响应时间及响应阈值均不一,单一指示生物难以全面、高效地预警污染物,需不同级别指示生物联合预警,进而提高监测预警效率。As an important means of water quality safety assessment and early warning,biological toxicity monitoring can intuitively reflect the potential risks caused by pollutants to the ecosystem and human health,together with physical and chemical monitoring.To promote the development and application of biological toxicity monitoring technology,the responses of four biological indicators(fish,daphnia,algae and photogenic bacteria)with different trophic levels to different contaminants were studied.The results show that zebrafish has a relatively wide response range and a relatively high response threshold to pollutants.Daphnia magna is the most sensitive to a wide variety of pollutants and has a relatively low response threshold to pollutants.Daphnia magna has a relatively long response time to pollutants and a better early warning sensitivity than zebrafish.The response rang of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to pollutants is narrow,and it is less sensitive to pollutants except diuron.Vibrio fischeri is sensitive and rapid to a wide variety of pollutants,and its response threshold to pollutants is relatively high.It is difficult to give an overall and efficient early warning of pollutants with a single indicator organism,as different indicator organisms have different response range,time and threshold to pollutants.It is necessary to construct a multi-source organisms early warning system to improve the efficiency of early warning.

关 键 词：生物毒性监测 不同营养级生物 敏感性 水质安全评价 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]