疫情下日本就业保障体系的再构建与挑战  

The Reconstruction of Japanese Employment Security System under the COVID-19 and Its Policy Implication

作　　者：郭佩 GUO Pei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《东北亚学刊》2022年第5期74-90,149,共18页Journal of Northeast Asia Studies

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情给日本劳动者的就业与生活带来了极大挑战。疫情下的日本劳动就业市场呈现虽然失业率处于较低水平,但休业人员显著增加、低收入者受影响较大等特点。疫情尤其对非正式员工、育儿女性、应届毕业生等人群造成了严重的影响。对此,日本政府在原有劳动就业对策基础上出台了一系列紧急措施,覆盖人群从“正式员工”到“非正式员工”,就业扶持范围从“传统就业”到“灵活就业”,上述措施在减少失业、保护就业以及保障基本生活等方面起到了积极的作用。但日本劳动就业保障仍面临如何援助“雇佣转移”型就业,如何更有效加强对低收入人群的就业与生活援助,以及开展满足市场需求的职业培训等课题。The COVID-19 has brought great challenges to the employment and life of Japanese workers.Under the epidemic,Japan’s labor and employment market shows the characteristics that although the unemployment rate is at a low level,the number of people out of work has increased significantly,and the low-income people have been greatly affected.In particular,the COVID-19epidemic has had a great impact on informal employees,childcare women,fresh graduates and other groups.In this regard,the Japanese government has issued a series of emergency measures on the original labor and Employment Countermeasures,covering the population from regular employees to informal employees,and the employment support from “traditional employment”to“flexible employment”.The measures above have played a positive role in curbing the rise of unemployment and ensuring basic life of Japanese people.However,Japan’s labor and employment security is still faced with issues relating to assisting the“employment transfer”,effectively strengthening the employment and life assistance for low-income people and carrying out vocational training to meet market demand.

关 键 词：日本 就业保护 非正式员工 新冠疫情 生活援助 

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