烟草废弃物在堆肥领域的研究进展  

Research Progress of Tobacco Wastes in the Field of Compost

作　　者：王金棒 邱纪青[1] 汪志波[1] 李凌[2] 卢志菁[2] 邹珺 陈彦 WANG Jinbang;QIU Jiqing;WANG Zhibo;LI Ling;LU Zhijing;ZOU Jun;CHEN Yan(Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC,Zhengzhou 450001,China;China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510385,China)

机构地区：[1]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,郑州450001 [2]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广州510385

出　　处：《生物技术进展》2022年第5期711-720,共10页Current Biotechnology

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局、中国烟草总公司首席科学家创新专项项目(602022CK0550);中国烟草总公司重点研发项目(110202102051);中国烟草总公司重点研发项目(110202102048)。

摘　　要：在烟草生产及加工过程中,通常会产生大量的烟草废弃物,如何有效利用这些废弃物以避免环境污染和资源浪费,已成为烟草行业亟需解决的问解。研究发现,烟草废弃物堆肥化处理是规模化利用废弃资源的有效途径之一,对烟草农业的绿色、低碳、循环、可持续发展具有重要意义。从有机肥堆肥制备技术、肥效研究等方面进行了系统综述,从整体上展示了烟草废弃物堆肥技术的发展现状,以期为国内烟草废弃物源堆肥未来技术的研发及产业化提供一定的参考。通过分析发现,在堆肥制备技术方面,主要有微生物菌剂添加技术、共堆肥技术和烟草材料预处理技术3种,此外还衍生出液态有机肥和厌氧发酵联产有机肥技术;在堆肥肥效研究方面,烟草废弃物堆肥可明显改善土壤的物性参数、化学参数以及生物学参数,显著钝化土壤重金属元素,进而提高作物的产量或品质,其中堆肥与化学肥料配施的效果相对较好;堆肥的多功能化是未来堆肥创新利用的重要途径。A large number of organic wastes are usually produced in the production and processing of tobacco.How to effectively use these wastes to avoid environmental pollution and resource waste has become an urgent research topic in the tobacco industry.It was found that composting of these wastes and applying it to the soil as a soil amendment is one of the effective ways to utilize waste resources on a large scale,which is of great significance to the green,low-carbon,recycling and sustainable development of tobacco agriculture.This paper systematically reviewed the organic fertilizer composting technology,fertilizer efficiency re⁃search,etc.,and showed the technical development status of tobacco waste composting as a whole,which aimed to provide a ref⁃erence for the future R&D directions of composting based on tobacco wastes and its industrialization.The results of this paper showed that there were mainly three types of compost preparation technology,including microbial inoculant addition technology,co-composting technology and tobacco material pretreatment technology.In addition,the technology of liquid organic fertilizer and anaerobic fermentation co-production of organic fertilizer was also derived.In terms of composting efficiency research,tobac⁃co waste compost could significantly improve soil physical,chemical and biological parameters,and significantly passivate soil heavy metal elements,thereby improving crop yield and quality.Among them,the effect of co-fertilization with tobacco compost and chemical fertilizer was relatively better.The multi-functionalization of compost was an important way in the future.

关 键 词：烟草废弃物 有机肥 堆肥 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]