不同溶剂对助燃剂检测及残留物提取效果研究  

Effects of different solvents on detection of ignitable liquids and extraction of their residues

作　　者：袁博 祝兴华 闫跃泷 阳世群 赵长征 张怡 YUAN Bo;ZHU Xing-hua;YAN Yue-long;YANG Shi-qun;ZHAO Chang-zheng;ZHANG Yi(Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management,Chengdu 610036,China;China National Aviation Fuel Supply Co.Ltd SW China,Chengdu 610200,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部四川消防研究所,四川成都610036 [2]中国航空油料有限责任公司西南公司,四川成都610200

出　　处：《化学研究与应用》2022年第9期2121-2127,共7页Chemical Research and Application

基　　金：应急管理部四川消防研究所基本科研业务费专项团队项目(T20208801)资助。

摘　　要：火灾现场助燃剂的检验鉴定往往是侦破放火案的关键。溶剂提取法是目前实验室鉴定助燃剂残留物的主要提取方法之一,选择最适合的萃取溶剂是使用溶剂提取法开展鉴定的重要内容。研究不同溶剂对常见助燃剂(汽油、柴油、煤油和油漆稀释剂)残留物的提取效果可指导助燃剂残留物的实验室技术鉴定。本研究选择正己烷、石油醚和二硫化碳三种萃取溶剂为研究对象,研究比较不同溶剂对常见助燃剂检测及残留物的提取效果。气相色谱-质谱联用测试结果表明,未燃烧汽油、柴油和煤油在三种溶剂中检出全部特征化合物的最大稀释倍数为10~4倍,而未燃烧油漆稀释剂检出全部特征化合物的最大稀释倍数为10~6倍,油漆稀释剂能够在更低浓度的样品中被检出;二硫化碳对常见助燃剂燃烧残留物中分子量较大的化合物(如茚满、正十四烷、正十六烷和正二十烷等)的提取效果较好。正己烷和石油醚对常见助燃剂燃烧残留物的提取效果相似,对助燃剂中分子量较小的化合物(如甲苯和1-甲基-3-丙基苯等)的提取效果更好。The evidence identification of ignitable liquids is usually essential and challenging aspect in arson crime investigations.At present,solvent extraction is one of the main methods to extract ignitable liquids residues from fire debris samples in laboratory.Selecting the most optimal extraction solvent is an important part in identification by solvent extraction.It is necessary to study the extraction effects of different solvents on common ignitable liquids(gasoline,diesel,kerosene and paint thinner)residues before the laboratory technical identification.In this study,n-hexane,petroleum ether and carbon disulfide were selected as extraction solvents.The effects of these solvents on detection of common ignitable liquids and extraction of their residues were investigated comparatively.The GC-MS test results showed that the maximum detected dilution ratios of unburned gasoline,diesel,and kerosene were 10~4 times in these three solvents,while the maximum detected dilution ratios of paint thinner was 10~6 times.The detected concentration of paint thinner was lower than that of the other three accelerants.Carbon disulfide has a better extraction effect on the larger molecular weight compounds(such as indene,n-tetracane,n-hexadecane,and n-eicosane)in the common burnt accelerant residues.N-hexane and petroleum ether have similar extraction effects on the common burnt accelerant residues which are better for the extraction and analysis of compounds with smaller molecular weight(such as methylbenzene and 1-methyl-3-propyl benzene)in accelerants.

关 键 词：助燃剂 燃烧残留物 萃取溶剂 物证鉴定 

分 类 号：O658.2[理学—分析化学]