3种雀形目鸟类羽毛显微结构观察  

Observation on microscopic structure of feathers of 3 kinds of Passerine birds

作　　者：侯森林 刘大伟[1,2] 费宜玲 王滨 HOU Sen-lin;LIU Da-wei;FEI Yi-ling;WANG Bin(Key Laboratory ofWildlife Evidence Technology State Forest and Grassland Administration,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China;Department of Criminal Science and Technology,Nanjing Forest Police College,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]野生动植物物证技术国家林业和草原局重点实验室,江苏南京210023 [2]南京森林警察学院刑事科学技术学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2022年第7期2042-2048,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家级一流本科专业(刑事科学技术)建设专项(教高厅函[2021]7号);江苏省高校优秀科技创新团队建设专项(2019-29);江苏高校“青蓝工程”优秀教学团队建设项目(苏教师函[2020]10号)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确鸟类羽毛显微结构差异及其特征指标,为利用羽毛微观结构特征鉴定白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、田鹀(Emberiza rustica)和燕雀(Fringilla montifringilla)提供科学依据。【方法】以白头鹎、田鹀和燕雀3种雀形目鸟类的飞羽、尾羽及绒羽为研究对象,利用扫描电镜观察记录飞羽和尾羽的羽小钩、纤毛、腹齿等微观结构的数量,测量飞羽和尾羽的基柄长、羽小枝间距,以及绒羽的节间距、节直径和羽小枝间距,并通过SPSS 22.0分析这些指标在3种鸟类间的差异显著性。【结果】(1)尾羽有钩羽小枝基柄长、无钩羽小枝基柄长、羽小钩和纤毛总数及相邻羽小枝间距等指标可为白头鹎、田鹀和燕雀3个物种的鉴定提供依据;而腹齿数可为白头鹎与田鹀、燕雀与田鹀的鉴定提供依据。(2)飞羽无钩羽小枝基柄长、羽小钩和纤毛总数及相邻羽小枝间距等指标可为3个物种的鉴定提供依据;而腹齿数可为白头鹎与田鹀、白头鹎与燕雀的鉴定提供依据,有钩羽小枝基柄长可为白头鹎与田鹀、燕雀与田鹀的鉴定提供依据。(3)绒羽的相邻羽小枝间距可为白头鹎、田鹀和燕雀3个物种的鉴定提供依据;节间距可为白头鹎与田鹀、白头鹎与燕雀的鉴定提供依据;节直径可为白头鹎与燕雀、田鹀与燕雀的鉴定提供依据。【结论】羽小枝间距、基柄长、羽小钩和纤毛总数、节间距、节直径等指标可为白头鹎、田鹀和燕雀3个物种的鉴定提供科学依据,但需综合多个指标进行评判。【Objective】To clarify microstructure differences and characteristic indicators of bird feathers,in order to provide scientific evidence for the identification of Chinese bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis),Rustic bunting(Emberiza rus-tica)and Brambling(Fringilla montifringilla).【Method】Remiges,rectrices and downy feather of 3 Passerine birds,Chi-nese bulbul,Rustic bunting and Brambling were taken as research objects.The number of microscopic structure of remi-ges and rectrices,such as hooked barbule,cilia and ventral tooth were recorded;and length of base handle,distance be-tween barbules of remiges and rectrices,distance between nodules,nodular diameter and distance between barbules of downy feather were measured by scanning electronic microscope(SEM).At the same time,differences of these indica-tors among 3 species were analyzed by SPSS 22.0.【Result】(1)For rectrices,the indicators such as the length of base handle of distal barbule,the length of base handle of proximal barbule,the sum of the number of hooked barbule and cilia and the distance between barbules etc.could help identify the 3 species;the number of ventral tooth could be used to iden-tify Chinese bulbul and Rustic bunting,Brambling and Rustic bunting.(2)For remiges,the indicators such as the length of base handle of proximal barbule,the sum of the number of hooked barbule and cilia and the distance between barbules etc.could help identify the 3 species;the number of ventral tooth could be used to identify Chinese bulbul and Rustic bun-ting,Chinese bulbul and Brambling,and the length of base handle of distal barbule could be used to identify Chinese bulbul and Rustic bunting,Brambling and Rustic bunting.(3)For downy feather,the distance between barbules could be used to identify the 3 species,the distance between nodules can be used to identify Chinese bulbul and Rustic bunting,Chinese bulbul and Brambling,the nodular diameter could be used to identify Chinese bulbul and Brambling,Rustic bunting and Brambling.【Conclusion】The distance between

关 键 词：白头鹎 田鹀 燕雀 羽毛 显微结构 物种鉴定 

分 类 号：S865.34[农业科学—野生动物驯养] Q959.7[农业科学—畜牧兽医]