佳木斯市区越冬瓢虫多样性调查分析  

Diversity of Overwintering Ladybugs in Jiamusi City

作　　者：韩晓云 李英娇 丛心怡 李佳媛 李楠 苟馨艺 郭鹏[1] 罗志文[1,2] HAN Xiaoyun;LI Yingjiao;CONG Xinyi;LI Jiayuan;LI Nan;GOU Xinyi;GUO Peng;LUO Zhiwen(School of Life Sciences,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154007,China;Institute of Applied Insects,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学生命科学学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]佳木斯大学应用昆虫研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2022年第3期324-329,共6页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2016054);佳木斯大学青年创新人才培养支持计划项目(JMSUQP2020009)。

摘　　要：【目的】全面了解佳木斯本地越冬瓢虫的种类和数量,确定其物种多样性和生物多样性水平。【方法】采用网捕法和震落法采集越冬瓢虫,并记录相关数据。【结论】据统计,异色瓢虫、七星瓢虫、茄二十八星瓢虫、马铃薯瓢虫为瓢虫越冬中的优势瓢虫,在温度、湿度等适宜的条件下,一天之中建筑物向阳面异色瓢虫数量可达32头。并且不同斑型瓢虫的耐寒性不同,经过调查黄底型明显比黑底型更能适应寒冷的越冬环境。在调查中,佳木斯建筑东面瓢虫有19种,127头;南面有28种,305头;西面有21种,211头;北面有15种,58头,其中异色瓢虫数量最多,长隆小毛瓢虫数量最少。越冬瓢虫多活跃在13:00左右。此时温度较高,适合瓢虫外出捕食和活动。本次调查共观察到瓢虫701头,都属于鞘翅目瓢虫科,据调查,瓢虫在建筑物南面物种多样性指数(H)、优势度指数(D)均最高,建筑物西面均匀度指数(J)最高。【意义】调查可为佳木斯市区越冬瓢虫的保护与多样性调查提供依据,作为后续本地区瓢虫分类研究的基础。[Objective] This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the species and quantity of overwintering ladybugs in Jiamusi, so as to determine its species diversity and biodiversity level. [Method] The overwintering ladybugs were collected by the net capture method and earthquake falling method, and the relevant data were recorded. [Results] According to statistics, harmonia axyridis, coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus,henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata and henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata are the dominant ladybugs in the overwintering ones. Under appropriate conditions such as temperature and humidity, the number of harmonia axyridis on the sunny side of buildings could reach 32 in a day. And the cold tolerance of different spot ladybugs was different. After investigation, the yellow bottom type could better adapt to the cold wintering environment than the black bottom type. In the survey, there were 127 ladybugs of 19 species in the east;In the south, there were 28 species, 305 heads;In the west, 21 species, 211 heads;In the north, there were 15 species and 58 heads,among which the number of harmonia axyridis was the most and the number of Little Chimelong ladybird was the least. Overwintering ladybugs were mostly active around 13:00. At this time, the temperature was high, which was suitable for ladybugs to go out for predation and activities. A total of 701 ladybugs were observed in this survey,all belonging to Coleoptera ladybugs. According to the survey, the species diversity index(H) and dominance index(D) of ladybugs in the south of the building were the highest, and the evenness index(J) in the west of the building was the highest. [significance] This investigation could provide a basis for the protection and diversity investigation of overwintering ladybugs in Jiamusi City, and serve as the basis for the subsequent classification of ladybugs in this area.

关 键 词：越冬瓢虫 种群数量 物种多样性 分类学 

分 类 号：S763.38[农业科学—森林保护学]