废铅酸电池主要回收工艺与发展现状  

Main Recycling Process and Development Status of Waste Lead-acid Batteries

作　　者：李治雨 化春雨 李丹[1] 揭晓武 王海北 潘军青[1] LI Zhi-yu;HUA Chun-yu;LI Dan;JIE Xiao-wu;WANG Hai-bei;PAN Jun-qing(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resources Engineering,College of Chemistry,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化学学院,化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2022年第9期9-27,共19页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1908304);国家自然科学基金资助项目(21676022)。

摘　　要：随着汽车和新能源储能的快速发展,铅酸电池消费的持续增长。在当前双碳理念下,如何清洁低碳回收废铅酸电池对于回收铅产业的可持续健康发展至关重要。简要综述了国内外火法、湿法、干湿联用技术回收铅现状,介绍并分析了主流火法和湿法回收铅的技术特点及其存在问题。火法回收铅虽存在能耗较高和再生铅需要二次精炼提纯等问题,但仍是当前主流的工业化技术。湿法回收铅工艺已逐步发展成为湿法回收金属铅、氧化铅及干湿联用三种类型,具有铅回收率高和过程清洁等优点。如何减少湿法回收过程的化学原料消耗、强化回收过程的传质和反应速度成为今后亟待解决的关键问题。With rapid development of automobiles and new renewable energy,consumption of lead-acid batteries has maintained sustained growth over the past few years.Under the new dual-carbon policy,how to recycle waste lead-acid batteries with clean and low carbon methods is key to the sustainable and healthy development of lead recycling industry.Current status of lead recovery,including pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,and combined processes of pyrometallurgy-hydrometallurgy were briefly reviewed.The technical characteristics and existing problems of main lead recovery technologies were also introduced and analyzed.Although the pyrometallurgical methods of lead recovery have issues of high energy consumption and purification of recovered lead,they are still the dominant industrial technology.The hydrometallurgy lead recovery process has gradually developed into three types of recovery of metallic lead,lead oxide,and dry-wet combined technology,which has the advantages of high lead recovery rates and clean processes.How to reduce consumption of chemical raw materials in wet recycling process,and enhance mass transfer and reaction speed during recycling process,have become the key issues to be urgently solved in the future.

关 键 词：废铅酸蓄电池 废铅膏 火法回收 湿法回收 铅回收 

分 类 号：TF812[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]