陕西战国秦墓出土玻璃和汉紫六博棋子分析研究  

Technological Analysis of the Chess Pieces of Liubo Uncovered From the Warring States Tomb in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：黄晓娟 严静[1] 张扬力铮 王丽琴 许卫红[1] HUANG Xiao-juan;YAN Jing;ZHANG Yang-li-zheng;WANG Li-qin;XU Wei-hong(Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology(Shaanxi Archaeology Museum)/Key Scientific Research Bose of On-Site Conservation,State Administration for Cultural Hevitage/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Archaeological Cousenation,Xi’an 710054,China;School of Cultural Heritage(Northwest University),Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省考古研究院(陕西考古博物馆)/考古发掘现场文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地/陕西省考古现场文物保护重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2022年第10期3187-3192,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2019YFC1520200);陕西省科技厅重点产业创新链(群)——社会发展领域项目(2021ZDLSF06-05)资助。

摘　　要：利用超景深显微镜(OM)、激光拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、扫描电子显微镜能谱(SEM-EDS)、色度仪等多种手段,对陕西战国秦墓出土的两种质地、颜色不同的六博棋子进行了综合分析检测。鉴定出蓝色样品为铅钡玻璃,紫色样品为中国紫制品,发现了中国紫在战国时期的新用途。并对比陕西出土的铅钡玻璃制品与两湖、四川地区出土的同时代的铅钡玻璃制品在成分组成上的差异,推测战国时期铅钡玻璃的制作工艺已成熟,可根据器物形制的需求进行不同的成分配比。同时,还发现当时的玻璃制作已有旧料重熔制作新器的现象。在确定中国紫成分的基础上,利用色度计进行色度测试,根据光谱数据,首次为人造硅酸铜钡颜料确定了特征光谱峰,使快速、无损的对人造硅酸铜钡颜料的鉴定识别成为可能。Multiple methods composed of three-dimensional ultra-depth of field video microscope,laser Raman spectroscopy,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer,and colorimeter were applied to analyse the composition and microstructures of two kinds of Liubo chess pieces with different textures and colors uncovered from the tomb of Warring States period in Shaanxi province.The blue samples were identified as lead-barium glass,and the purple samples were Chinese Purple products.Moreover,a new kind of product of Chinese Purple in the Warring States period was discovered.The composition of lead-barium and the glass products of the samperiod recovered from Shaanxi,Hunan,Hubei,and Sichuan was also compared.It is speculated that the fabrication of lead-barium glass in the Warring States period has matured,and different composition ratios can be carried out according to the needs of the shape of the objects.What’s more,glass production also had the phenomenon of remelting old materials to make new ones.Based on determining the composition of Chinese Purple,the colorimeter was used to get spectral data,according to which the characteristic spectral peaks were determined for the artificial copper barium silicate pigment for the first time.It is possible to identify this kind of pigment rapidly and non-destructively.

关 键 词：战国 六博棋子 铅钡玻璃 中国紫 

分 类 号：K876.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]