邛崃石窟摩崖造像的彩绘颜料分析与研究  

Analysis and Research on Color Paints for Cliff Statues in Qionglai Caves

作　　者：王璐[1] 孙凤 王若苏[1] 梁雅鑫 姚雪 赵凡 WANG Lu;SUN Feng;WANG Ruo-su;LIANG Ya-xin;YAO Xue;ZHAO Fan(College of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Preservation Technology,Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710069,China;College of Tourism,History and Culture,Southwest University for Nationalities,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710069 [2]文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [3]西南民族大学旅游与历史文化学院,四川成都610041 [4]四川省文物考古研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2022年第10期3198-3202,共5页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(22101226);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJCZH154);西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室开放课题(wysys201902)资助。

摘　　要：四川省邛崃市地处成都平原,是成都地区发现的摩崖造像规模最大,分布最集中的地区。由于潮湿、半露天的保存环境,造像遭到严重破坏,缺少相关的科学分析研究。本文选用邛崃地区内花置寺摩崖造像、临邛镇磐陀寺摩崖造像和大同乡石笋山摩崖造像三处共12件彩绘颜料样品,通过超景深显微观察、X射线荧光分析、X射线衍射和显微激光拉曼光谱综合分析,获取彩绘颜料信息。结果表明红色颜料为赤铁矿[Fe_(2)O_(3)]和铅丹[Pb_(3)O_(4)];绿色颜料为砷酸铜[Cu(AsO_(3))(OH)·2H_(2)O]和过硫酸三铜钠钾[KNaCu_(3)O(SO_(4))_(3)];白色颜料为石膏[CaSO_(4)];黄色颜料为黄赭石[Fe_(2)O_(3)];黑色颜料为铅丹[Pb_(3)O_(4)]的变化产物,蓝色颜料为青金石[Na_(6)Ca_(2)Al_(6)Si_(6)O_(24)(SO_(4))_(2)]。值得注意的是绿色颜料的分析结果,其中检出的砷酸铜类物质在近年中国西南地区彩绘分析中较常见,结合文献调研判断其为近现代人工合成颜料巴黎绿的变化产物,进而推测此处有近现代重绘可能。另外,首次检出过硫酸三铜钠钾成分的绿色颜料,丰富了古代彩绘颜料的分析实例,判断可能是某种绿色含铜矿物的变化结果。四川地区环境湿润,一些不稳定的矿物颜料容易发生化学变化,有的产生变色,有的颜色变化不明显,但成分已产生新的物质。通过分析邛崃石窟彩绘颜料,获取四川地区摩崖造像所使用颜料的相关信息,为颜料复原提供科学依据,同时也有利于文物工作者展开针对性保护工作,为四川地区彩绘石窟的研究和保护提供参考。Sichuan Qionglai is located in the Chengdu Plain,where the largest scale and most concentrated stone carves were found in Chengdu.Due to the wet and semi-open storage environment,the statues were seriously damaged,and there is a lack of relevant scientific analysis and research.In this paper,12 paint samples collected from cliff images in Huazhi Temple,Pantuo Temple in Linqiong Town and Stalagmite Mountain in Datong Town in the Qionglai area were used to obtain the paint information through ultra-depth of field microscopic observation,X-ray fluorescence analysis,X-ray diffraction and micro laser Raman spectroscopy analysis.The results show that the red pigments are hematite[Fe_(2)O_(3)]and lead red[Pb_(3)O_(4)].The green pigment is copper arsenate[Cu(AsO_(3))(OH)·2 H_(2)O]and Euchlorine[KNaCu_(3)O(SO_(4))_(3)];The white pigment is gypsum[CaSO_(4)];The yellow pigment is yellow ochre[Fe_(2)O_(3)].The black pigment is the change product of red lead[Pb_(3)O_(4)],and the blue pigment is lapis lazuli[Na_(6)Ca_(2)Al_(6)Si_(6)O_(24)(SO_(4))_(2)].It is worth noting that the analysis results of green pigments,in which copper arsenate substances are often detected in the analysis of color painting in recent years,and most of them appear in southwest China.It is judged that it is the product of the change of modern and modern synthetic pigment Paris green,and then it is speculated that there is the possibility of modern and modern repainting here.In addition,the green pigment with Euchlorine has been detected for the first time in this paper,which enriches the analysis of examples of ancient coloring pigments,and it is judged that it may be the result of the change of some green copper minerals.Sichuan area humid environment,some unstable mineral pigments are prone to chemical changes,some produce color change,some color change is not obvious,but the composition has produced new substances.In this paper,the color paints in Qionglai caves were analyze to obtain the relevant information about the pigments used in cliff statue

关 键 词：邛崃石窟 彩绘颜料 绿色颜料 砷酸铜 过硫酸三铜钠钾 

分 类 号：K878.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]