广西不同龄级桉树人工林植被与土壤特征及相关分析  

Characteristics and correlation analysis of vegetation and soil of Eucalyptus plantations of different ages in Guangxi

作　　者：兰秀 刘永贤[2] 宋同清[3] 陈海生 曾馥平[3] LAN Xiu;LIU Yongxian;SONG Tongqing;CHEN Haisheng;ZENG Fuping(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute,Longzhou 532415,Guangxi,China;Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415 [2]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007 [3]中国科学院,亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第7期127-136,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660141,31770495,31870712);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(2017JZ08,2017ZX30);河池市特聘专家项目。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同龄级(幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林、成熟林、过熟林)桉树人工林植被与土壤特征及相关关系和影响因素,以加强对桉树人工林植物群落与土壤的认识,有助于更好地推进桉树人工林可持续发展。【方法】以广西桉树人工林为研究对象,进行实地调查,以调查数据为基础分析5个龄级植被和土壤特征,用主成分分析法分析影响桉树林生长的主要因子,用逐步回归法揭示各土壤因子对植物多样性的贡献大小,用冗余分析法对植被和土壤的相关关系进行阐明。【结果】桉树林灌木层优势度指数在中龄林最大,丰富度指数在成熟林最大,近熟林的均匀度指数和香农-威纳指数最大。草本层多样性指数整体比灌木层低,成熟林的优势度指数最高,均匀度指数在幼龄林最高,丰富度指数和香农-威纳指数在近熟林达到最高。TC和AN在成熟林后下降,TK在中龄林后下降,TN、TK和AK含量均在中龄林达到最高值,SiO_(2)占矿质养分的绝对优势。细菌、真菌数量在近熟林和过熟林占优势,放线菌数量在幼林龄占绝对优势。微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮均在过熟林和幼林龄较高,而微生物生物量磷在近熟林和成熟林较高。微生物功能多样性指数均在近熟林最高。RDA分析结果表明植被因子与土壤因子大多呈正相关关系,主成分分析得到得到TP、TN、TC、TK、Al_(2)O_(3)、微生物生物量碳、真菌、放线菌等是影响桉树生长的主控因子,逐步回归分析表明,对灌木多样性影响显著的因子有TP、TN、TK、MgO、MnO、SiO_(2)等,对草本多样性影响显著的因子有AP、TP、TC、TN、TK、MnO、Al_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(2)O_(3)、微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量磷。【结论】广西5个龄级桉树人工林土壤养分含量不高,植物多样性指数偏低,随龄级变化差异显著。植物因子与土壤因子大多呈正相关关系,在生产经营中要做好【Objective】This article aimed to study the vegetation and soil characteristics of Eucalyptus plantations of different age classes(young forest age,medium forest age,near-mature forest,mature forest,and over-mature forest),to strengthen the understanding of plant communities and soils in Eucalyptus plantations,which is helpful for the promotion of the sustainable development of Eucalyptus plantations.【Method】Taking the Eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi as the research object,field investigations were conducted.Based on the survey data,the vegetation and soil characteristics of forests of five age classes were analyzed.The principal component analysis was used to analyze the main factors affecting the growth of Eucalyptus forests.The contribution of soil factors to plant diversity was revealed by the stepwise regression method,and the correlation between vegetation and soil was clarified by redundancy analysis.【Result】The dominance index of the shrub layer of Eucalyptus forests was the largest in the middle-aged forest,the richness index was the largest in the mature forest,and the evenness index and the Shannon-Wiener index of the near-mature forest were the largest.The overall diversity index of the herb layer was lower than that of the shrub layer.Mature forests had the highest dominance index,while the evenness index was the highest in young forests,the richness index and Shannon-Wiener index reached the highest in near-mature forests.The content of TC and AN decreased after the forest reached the mature age,and the content of TK decreased after the middle age.The contents of TN,TK and AK all reached the highest values in the middle-aged forest,and SiO_(2) accounted for the absolute dominance of mineral nutrients.Bacteria and fungi were dominant in near-mature forests and over-mature forests,while actinomycetes were dominant in young forests.Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were both higher in over-mature and young forests,while microbial biomass phosphorus was higher in near-mature and

关 键 词：桉树人工林 植被 土壤 相关关系 影响因素 广西 

分 类 号：S792.39[农业科学—林木遗传育种]