村民小组民事法律地位探析  

On the Civil Subject Status of the Villager Group

作　　者：曹治国[1] 杨晓慧 CAO Zhiguo;YANG Xiaohui(North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学人文与社会科学学院,北京102206 [2]华北电力大学,北京102206

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期35-43,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：村民小组作为农村基层社会治理的最小单元,在我国乡村治理中发挥了重要作用,但在运行中存在与村民委员会关系模糊、自身组织机构不健全等问题,严重制约其管理组集体财产和组集体公共事务职责的实现,根源在于其民事法律主体地位的缺失。目前对村民小组民事主体地位的研究,主要有非法人组织说、公法人说和特别法人说三种观点。赋予村民小组特别法人的民事法律地位,不仅符合特别法人“对内具有公益性或互益性”的法人特性,而且符合村民小组作为特别法人有效履职的制度价值。村民小组作为基层自治组织不同于农村集体经济组织法人,虽由村民委员会设立,但二者并非隶属关系,而是相对独立的两个主体,村民小组应具有独立主体地位。组集体财产的存在对于村民小组具有重要影响,但无集体财产的村民小组在被撤销前仍具有主体地位。As the smallest unit of rural social governance, the villager group has played a huge role in China’s rural governance, but there are some problems of the villager group, such as vague relations with the villagers committee and imperfect organizational structures in its operation, which seriously restrict the exercise of its important functions such as the management of the collective property and the collective public affairs. The root of the problems lies in the lack of the civil legal status of the villagers group. Summarizing the research of Chinese scholars on the status of civil subjects of villagers group, there are three main views currently: unincorporated organizations, public legal persons and special legal persons. Endowing the villager group with the status of a special legal person is not only in line with the legal person characteristics of a special legal person who is "of public interest or mutual benefit to the people", but also conforms to the institutional value of the villager group as a special legal person to effectively perform its duties. As a primary mass organization of self-government, the villager group is different from the rural collective economic organization legal person, although it is established by the villagers committee, it is not a subordinate relationship between them, but they are relatively independent subjects, the villager group should have an independent subject status. Although the existence of collective property has an important impact on villager group, villager group without collective property still have the status of subjects before it is dissolved.

关 键 词：村民小组 特别法人 村组关系 乡村治理 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]