“兵刑合一”:中国古代“大一统”观念的国家主义表达  

“Combination of Legal Regulation and Military Intervention”:The Nationalistic Representation of the Concept of“Great Unity”in Ancient China

作　　者：王银宏[1] WANG Yinhong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律史学研究院

出　　处：《社会科学》2022年第8期167-180,共14页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大委托项目“中华法系与中华法律文化问题研究”(项目编号:20@ZH037);中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划资助项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国家统一与繁荣富强是中华民族的最高价值准则。国家统一既需要理念、精神与文化的滋养作为基础,也需要通过制度、法律和军事力量来予以维护。中国古代注重通过法律维护国家统一和社会秩序,在必要时依据法律动用国家军事力量以“兵刑合一”的方式维护统一、稳定秩序。在中国古代的“大一统”观念下,“兵刑合一”既体现为法律上的制度规制,也体现为政治上的军事强制,以其秩序功能联结起维护国家统一和社会稳定的政治诉求与法律实践,实现政治系统与法律系统之间的互动。儒家文化和“大一统”观念的文教功能与制度维系功能在历史发展过程中实现了“大一统”观念的制度化、法律化,使中华民族成为一个“文化共同体”,奠定了“历史中国”的文化基础,丰富了中国作为统一的多民族国家的内涵及其表达。National unity and prosperity are the highest values of the Chinese nation.National unity is built on ideological,spiritual and cultural basis.Meanwhile it also needs the maintenance from institutions,laws and military measures.In ancient China,national unity and social order were safeguarded primarily through laws.To safeguard national unity and political stability,military intervention would be made through“combining legal regulation and military intervention”in accordance with law when necessary.Under“Great Unity”,“combining legal regulation and military intervention”was not only embodied in the regulation of legal system,but also in the political and military intervention.Furthermore,it served to link political demands and legal practices in its orderly function to maintain national unity and social stability,thus realizing the interaction between the political system and the legal system.With Confucian culture,the cultural and institutional functions of“Great Unity”institutionalized and legalized its conceptualization in the course of historical development,making the Chinese nation a“cultural community”,laying the cultural foundation of“historical China”,and enriching the connotation and expression of China as a unified multi-ethnic nation.

关 键 词：“大一统”观念 “兵刑合一” 法律规制 秩序功能 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]