晚清上海租界戏园为何能遵守国忌禁戏?  

Why can the Theatres in the Shanghai Concession Obey the Law for Banning Opera in the National Taboo in Late Qing Dynasty?

作　　者：张天星[1] ZHANG Tianxing

机构地区：[1]台州学院人文学院,台州317000

出　　处：《浙江艺术职业学院学报》2022年第2期39-48,共10页Journal of Zhejiang Vocational Academy of Art

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“晚清小说戏曲禁毁问题研究”阶段成果。(项目编号:16BZW103)。

摘　　要：国忌禁乐是清代国家礼制的重要规定,1880年以前,上海租界戏园于国忌日普遍地违禁演剧,1881年3月以后则能较严格地遵守。上海租界戏园能遵守国忌禁戏的主要原因有:国忌禁戏易于监管;忌辰礼俗社会基础深厚;日停夜演对戏园生意影响较小且并不影响租界当局的戏园税收;中西丧祭文化对国忌的认识有共通处,国忌禁戏的执行得到了租界当局的配合。租界戏园遵守国忌禁戏是权力、礼俗、商业、税收等诸因素相互平衡的结果。晚清上海租界戏园于国忌禁戏由违反到遵守的过程有助于认识清代禁戏问题的丰富性与复杂性。Banning opera in national taboo is the important law for national ritual system in Qing Dynasty.Before 1880,the theatres in the Shanghai concession universally violate the law,and can obey it after 1881.The reasons of the obeying comprise the following:First of all,banning opera in the national taboo can be supervised easily.Sec⁃ondly,etiquette and customs of anniversary have deep social foundation.Thirdly,the performance that put on at night and stop in the day has little impact on business of the theatres and the taxes of concession authority.Fouthly,concession authority gives active cooperation to the execution of the law becsuse the funeral culture between Chinese and Western has a lot in common.So the result of the obeying is mutual equilibrium among power,manners,busi⁃ness and taxes.The process of change from violation to compliance for the theatres in the Shanghai concession can help us to understand the richness and complexity of banning opera thoroughly in late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：晚清 上海租界戏园 国忌禁戏 违反 遵守 

分 类 号：J809[艺术—戏剧戏曲]