我国人工养麝现状分析及展望  

Current Situation and Future Perspectives of Musk Deer Farming in China

作　　者：郑程莉[1] 赵润怀 孟智斌[3] 胡德夫[4] 陈世科 刘宝庆 王建明[1] ZHENG Cheng-li;ZHAO Run-huai;MENG Zhi-bin;HU De-fu;CHEN Shi-ke;LIU Bao-qing;WANG Jian-ming(Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding,Chengdu 611845,China;China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100195,China;Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100082,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100082,China;Fengxian Forestry Bureau,Baoji 721700,China;Shaanxi Forest Musk Deer Breeding Association,Baoji 721700,China)

机构地区：[1]四川养麝研究所,四川成都611845 [2]中国中药有限公司,北京100195 [3]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100082 [4]北京林业大学,北京100082 [5]凤县林业局,陕西宝鸡721700 [6]陕西省林麝养殖协会,陕西宝鸡721700

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2022年第9期1684-1692,共9页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);四川省成果转化项目(2021JDZH0024)。

摘　　要：人工养麝是实现麝与麝香资源有效保护和可持续利用的根本途径。通过梳理麝类人工养殖历史及相关政策法规,分析人工养麝的发展现状和存在问题,认为人工养麝在设施建设、饲养管理、驯养繁殖、饲料研发、疾病防治等技术层面已基本具备了大规模、产业化发展的条件。指出麝类养殖的政策管理应当进一步放开,降低办理驯养繁殖许可证的准入门槛、提高审批效率以减少申办者的人力与时间成本;应将现行配额制度的重心从控制麝香使用向鼓励麝香生产转移,鼓励企业参与林麝养殖、产品收购及药品研发,形成“公司+农户”的养殖格局,生产麝香终端产品;应依托国家林业和草原局麝类保护繁育与利用国家创新联盟,制定从技术培训、技术服务、生产繁育计划制定、人工养殖种群和产品溯源、疾病防控等关键环节的技术指导和监管措施,确保养麝产业最大限度降低行业风险,促进人工养麝良性发展。Musk deer farming is a fundamental way to realize the effective protection and sustainable utilization of musk deer and Moschus resources. Through summarizing the history of musk deer farming and relevant policies and regulations, and analyzing the development status and the existing problems of musk deer farming, this paper concluded that musk deer farming basically met various conditions for large-scale and industrialization development in the technical aspects of facility construction, farming management, domestication and breeding, feed research and development, and disease prevention and control. Besides, this paper pointed out that the policy management of musk deer farming should be further liberalized to reduce the entry threshold for handling the domestication and breeding license and improve the efficiency of examination and approval, thus reducing the labor and time cost of the applicants. It was advised to transfer the focus of the current quota system from controlling the use of Moschus to encouraging Moschus production, encouraging enterprises to participate in musk deer farming, product acquisition, and drug research and development to form a farming pattern of "company+farmer" and produce Moschus end products. Meanwhile, relying on the National Innovation Alliance for Musk Deer Protection, Breeding, and Utilization of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, the technical guidance and supervision measures from key links should be formulated, such as technical training, technical services, production and breeding plans, traceability of artificial breeding populations and products, and disease prevention and control, to minimize the industrial risk of musk deer farming and promote the healthy development of musk deer farming.

关 键 词：麝香 人工养麝 现状 驯养繁殖许可证 可持续发展 

分 类 号：R282.74[医药卫生—中药学]