信贷可得性、水权确权与农业节水技术投资——基于水权确权试点准自然实验的证据  

Credit Availability, Water Rights Confirmation and Water-saving Technology Investment: Evidence Based on Quasi-natural Experiment in Water Rights Confirmation Pilots

作　　者：马九杰[1] 崔怡 董翀[3] MA Jiujie;CUI Yi;DONG Chong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院 [2]北京工商大学经济学院 [3]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2022年第8期70-92,共23页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“数字金融发展在农村金融空间配给缓解和实体经济金融普惠中的作用研究”(编号:71973146);国家社会科学基金重大项目“乡村振兴背景下数字乡村发展的理论、实践与政策研究”(编号:20&ZD164);北京工商大学青年教师科研启动基金项目“水资源使用权确权、取水许可与农户节水行为”(编号:QNJJ2022)的资助。

摘　　要：本文首先通过构建一个两期动态投融资的理论框架,探讨信贷可得性对农户节水技术投资与资源开采投资行为的影响,以及水权确权在其中发挥的作用及其机制;然后基于2007年、2012年和2017年对内蒙古和河北2省(区)马铃薯种植户的追踪调查数据,采用双向固定效应模型和三重差分模型,分析水权确权对农户利用信贷资金进行灌溉投资的影响。研究发现,在未进行水权确权的情况下,信贷可得性并未显著促进农户的节水技术投资行为,而是促进农户对地下水的开采投资行为;在水权确权的作用下,信贷可得性对农户的节水技术采纳与投资行为和强度产生显著的正向影响,对农户资源开采投资行为则产生抑制作用。机制分析表明,水权确权会导致灌溉成本提高和灌溉水交易增加,进而促使农户采纳和投资节水技术。最后,本文提出“加快水权确权、完善水权交易机制”和“完善绿色转型金融体系”以促进农业节水技术投资的“双管齐下”的政策方向。This article constructs a two-stage dynamic theoretical framework of investment and financing and discusses the impact of the availability of credit on farmers’ investment in water-saving technology and water resource exploitation, as well as the role and mechanism of water rights confirmation. Based on the micro paneltracking survey data of potato growers in Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province in 2007, 2012 and 2017, it then adopts the two-way fixed effect model and the difference-in-difference-indifferences model to analyze the impact of water rights confirmation on farmers’ irrigation investment in water-saving technology with credit funds. The results show that without water rights confirmation, credit availability does not significantly increase farmers’ investment in water-saving technology, but increases their investment in groundwater exploitation. Under the implementation of water rights confirmation, however, credit availability has a significant positive impact on farmers’ water-saving technology adoption as well as investment intensity, while it has a restraining effect on their investment in groundwater exploitation. Mechanism analysis shows that water rights confirmation will increases irrigation costs and irrigation water resources transactions, and thus affect encourages farmers’ to adopt and invest in water-saving behaviortechnology. Finally, this study puts forward the policy suggestions of “accelerating water rights confirmation, improving water price and water rights trading mechanism”, and “improving green transformation financial system” to promote the investment in agricultural water-saving technology.

关 键 词：信贷可得性 水权确权 农业节水技术 三重差分模型 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]