气传花粉监测数据研究进展  

Progress of research based on the airborne pollen monitoring data

作　　者：尹炤寅 刘燕 党冰[2] 乔媛 张丰瑶 刘丹 欧阳昱晖[5] YIN Zhaoyin;LIU Yan;DANG Bing;QIAO Yuan;ZHANG Fengyao;LIU Dan;OUYANG Yuhui(Institute of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089,China;Beijing Municipal Climate Center,Beijing 100089,China;Beijing Meteorological Service Center,Beijing 100089,China;Changping District Meteorological Office of Beijing,Beijing 102200,China;Department of Allergy,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,Beijing 100176,China)

机构地区：[1]北京城市气象研究院,北京100089 [2]北京市气候中心,北京100089 [3]北京市气象服务中心,北京100089 [4]北京市昌平区气象局,北京102200 [5]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院,北京100176

出　　处：《科技导报》2022年第15期49-63,共15页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z191100009119013)。

摘　　要：综述了基于气传花粉监测数据的研究进展,结果发现,利用花粉观测数据可获取某地的花粉概况,进而绘制具有临床价值的花粉日历。但因其不包含病例信息,故需结合过敏人群特征修正影响浓度阈值。此外,通过分析暴露于不同环境下的患病风险,证实了防治花粉症十分依赖于洁净的空气。局地观测环境及采样器的安放位置对监测结果有极大影响,但整体而言,北半球大多数区域花粉季延长、花粉浓度增加,并可归因于气候变暖所致。为预测花粉关键要素在未来的变化,4大类模型被广泛应用,并取得较好的预测结果。但对于预测效果较差的部分(花粉浓度极值、复杂地形等),最优解决方法则是结合高分辨率的花粉监测数据进行订正。但是,由于缺乏低成本的自动监测设备,当前花粉监测数据的分辨率仍然较低,由此带来了一系列的数据和技术壁垒。建议该领域应将开发低成本的自动监测设备作为近期发展的重点,并以此建立标准化的观测体系。This paper reviews the research based on airborne pollen monitoring data and finds out the followings. 1) a pollen profile can be obtained by using the data and then a pollen calendar with clinical value can be drawn, in which the concentration threshold should be modified based on the characteristics of allergic populations. Besides, it’s confirmed that clean air is essential for preventing hay fever through analyzing the exposure risks in different environments. 2) the local observation environment and the placement position of the sampler have a great influence on the monitoring results, but overall, the pollen season has been prolonged and the pollen concentration has increased in most regions of the north hemisphere, which can be attributed to climate warming. 3) in order to predict the future changes of airborne pollen, four types of models are widely used and the prediction results are generally accurate. For the parts with poor prediction effect(extreme pollen concentration, complex terrain, etc.), the optimal solution is to combine high-resolution pollen monitoring data for correction. 4) however, due to the lack of low-cost automatic monitoring equipment, the current resolution of pollen monitoring data is still low, which brings a series of data and technical barriers. Therefore, this paper believes that the development of low-cost automatic monitoring equipment should be the focus of recent development in this field, and that a standardized observation system should be established accordingly.

关 键 词：气传花粉 花粉过敏 花粉监测 花粉预测 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]