径向节流型磁流变胶泥缓冲器冲击动力学行为  

Impact dynamic behavior of radial throttling MR mastic buffer

作　　者：付本元 张贤明[2] 刘驰 李祝强 廖昌荣[3] FU Benyuan;ZHANG Xianming;LIU Chi;LI Zhuqiang;LIAO Changrong(College of Mechanical Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China;MOE Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;College of Optoelectronic Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学机械工程学院,重庆400054 [2]重庆工商大学废油资源化技术与装备教育部工程研究中心,重庆400067 [3]重庆大学光电工程学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第17期177-184,230,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(51905062);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN201801128);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0425);重庆理工大学科研启动基金项目(2018ZD03)。

摘　　要：为提高汽车碰撞缓冲系统的自适应调节能力,提出一种波纹圧溃与径向流动节流共同作用的可控缓冲器。用波纹管取代传统吸能盒,并串接于磁流变阀,内部填充具备优秀悬浮稳定性的磁流变胶泥;为提高磁场利用率且减小缓冲器轴向长度,在磁流变阀内建立胶泥流动方向与磁场方向完全垂直的径向流道。基于Herschel-Bulkley(HB)本构模型推导了流道内流动节流压降与冲击速度间的关系;考虑局部损耗的影响,构建了HB-Minor Losses(HBM)动力学模型;进一步定量分析了惯性效应产生的压降,构建了包含惯性效应的HBM-Inertia(HBMI)模型。制作了缓冲器并开展了落锤冲击试验;分析了径向流道压降在阻尼流道总压降中的比重;分析了局部损耗对压降的影响,提出了进一步提高可控性的局部损耗优化区域。对比理论与试验缓冲力曲线,分四个阶段分析了惯性效应对缓冲力的具体影响,发现惯性效应主要在峰值阶段、结束阶段影响缓冲力;比较了理论模型与试验峰值力、动态范围,进一步得到理论动态范围相对误差,结果表明,HBMI模型对磁流变胶泥缓冲器动力学行为的预测更为准确。Here,to improve adaptive adjustment ability of automobile collision buffer system,a controllable buffer with joint action of corrugated crushing and radial flow throttling was proposed.Corrugated tube was used to replace traditional energy absorption box,it was connected in series with magnetorheological(MR)valve and filled with MR clay with excellent suspension stability.In order to improve the utilization rate of magnetic field and reduce axial length of buffer,a radial flow runner with mastic flow direction completely perpendicular to magnetic field direction was established inside MR valve.Based on Herschel-Bulkley(HB)constitutive model,the relation between flow throttling pressure drop and impact velocity in the runner was deduced.Considering effects of minor losses,HB-Minor losses(HBM)dynamic model was constructed.The pressure drop caused by inertia effect was further quantitatively analyzed,and HBM-Inertia(HBMI)model containing inertia effect was constructed.The buffer was fabricated and falling hammer impact tests were conducted for it.The proportion of radial runner pressure drop in the total pressure drop of damping runners was analyzed,effects of minor losses on pressure drop were analyzed,and minor loss optimization areas to further improve the controllability were proposed.Comparing theoretical and test buffer force curves,the specific impact of inertia effect on buffer force was analyzed in four stages,it was shown that inertia effect mainly affects buffer force in peak value stage and end stage.Peak buffer forces and dynamic ranges of theoretical models and those of testes were compared to further obtain relative errors of theoretical dynamic ranges,the results showed that HBMI model is more accurate to predict dynamic behavior of MR mastic buffer.

关 键 词：磁流变胶泥缓冲器 径向节流 动力学行为 局部损耗 惯性效应 

分 类 号：TH212[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH213.3