冲突与协调:美国海权崛起与华盛顿体系的形成  

Conflict and Coordinate:Rise of American Sea Power and Formation of The Washington System

作　　者：刘自强[1] 陈光辉 LIU Zi-Qiang;CHEN Guang-hui(Department of History,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China;Shaoyang No.16 Middle School,Shaoyang 422000,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学历史系,湖南湘潭411105 [2]邵阳市第十六中学,湖南邵阳422000

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期37-46,共10页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Social Sciences

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学成果评审委员会课题“美日竞争与亚太海权格局的演进探究”(项目编号:XSP20YBC081)之阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1890年马汉海权论的发表,彻底颠覆了美国传统的海权思想和海权战略,美国海权战略开始由“近海防御”转向“舰队决战”,全力追求世界海权强国地位。此后三十年间,美国海权快速崛起,主要体现在海军舰队的迅速扩充,对外贸易和商船的飞速发展以及海外殖民地和军事基地的建立三个方面。美国海权的快速崛起,不但导致美国与当时的世界海上霸主英国的矛盾和冲突加剧,而且激化了美国和日本这两个新兴海上强国的矛盾和冲突。在1921—1922年召开的华盛顿会议上,列强在海军实力、对外贸易和海外基地等方面进行磋商和协调,达成了一系列协定和协议,从而形成了正式认可美国世界海权强国地位的华盛顿体系,在世界海权格局中美国海权最终实现了和平崛起。In 1890,Mahan’s sea power theory was published,which completely overturned the traditional sea power thought and strategy of the United States. The United States began to shift its sea power strategy from“coastal defense”to“fleet decisive battle”,and fully pursued the status of the world’s sea power. In the following 30 years,the rapid rise of American sea power was mainly reflected in three aspects:the rapid expansion of naval fleet,the rapid development of foreign trade and merchant ships,and the establishment of overseas colonies and military bases. The rapid rise of American sea power had not only caused the intensification of conflicts between the United States and Britain,but also intensified the conflicts between the two emerging maritime powers,the United States and Japan. At the Washington Conference held in 1921-1922,the great powers were negotiated and coordinated on naval strength,foreign trade,and overseas bases,and a series of agreements were reached. Thus forming a Washington system that formally recognized the status of the United States as a world maritime power. In the pattern of world maritime power,American maritime power finally realized its peaceful rise.

关 键 词：美国海权 海军舰队 对外贸易 海外基地 华盛顿体系 

分 类 号：K712.5[历史地理—历史学]