政府环境信息公开能否缓解环保“逐底竞争”?  

Does Government Environmental Information Disclosure Alleviate the “Race to the Bottom” Competition in Environmental Protection?

作　　者：岳子航 张聪 陶然[1] Yue Zihang;Zhang Cong;Tao Ran

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院

出　　处：《公共管理与政策评论》2022年第5期75-90,共16页Public Administration and Policy Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA075)。

摘　　要：地方政府在招商引资上展开激烈的“逐底竞争”导致中国的环境污染问题不断恶化。继“命令控制型”和“市场激励型”环境规制,环境信息公开逐渐受到重视。那么环境信息公开在中国是否有助于缓解地方政府在环境保护方面展开的“逐底竞争”?本文以自2008年起公众环境研究中心(IPE)和自然资源保护委员会(NRDC)公布的污染源监管信息公开指数(PITI)作为一个天然外生冲击,基于2005—2012年282个城市的工商注册等数据与A股主板上市公司数据构造准自然实验,使用双重差分模型(DID)系统评估政府环境信息公开制度对污染企业注册的影响。研究发现:(1)政府环境信息公开有效地缓解了地方政府在环境保护方面展开的“逐底竞争”,污染企业注册数量显著下降。(2)政策实施后,本地污染企业的研发投资和融资成本显著上升。(3)政府环境信息公开对于污染企业注册的影响因城市地理位置和资源禀赋而异。本文发现畅通监督机制、保证公共参与是政府环境信息公开制度发挥作用的关键。The “race to the bottom” competition for investment among Chinese local governments has led to a deteriorating environment. Following the command-control and market-incentive environmental regulations, government environmental information disclosure(GEID) has been attached great attention. Does GEID in China alleviate the “race to the bottom” competition in environmental protection? Based on the quasi-natural experiment of Pollution Information Transparency Index(PITI) released by Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE) and Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC) from 2008, using the industrial and commercial registration data and A-share listed company data of 282 cities from 2005 to 2012, this paper examines the impact of GEID on polluting companies’ registration by using difference in differences(DID) method. The results are as follows. First, GEID has effectively alleviated the “race to the bottom” competition in environmental protection, and the number of registered polluting companies has decreased significantly. Second, because of GEID, R&D investment and financing cost of polluting companies raised significantly. Third, the impact of GEID on polluting company registration varies depending on the city’s geographic location and resource endowment. Therefore, the unimpeded supervision mechanism and public participation are crucial in GEID policy.

关 键 词：政府环境信息公开 污染源监管信息公开指数 “逐底竞争” 污染企业选址 双重差分 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D630[政治法律—法学]