2010年~2021年北京市红十字血液中心血源性职业暴露回顾分析及预防策略  

Retrospective analysis and prevention strategies of blood-borne occupational exposure in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center from 2010 to 2021

作　　者：高文蕊 徐佳 郭瑾[1] GAO Wenrui;XU Jia;Guo Jin(BeijingRed Cross Blood Center,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市红十字血液中心,北京100088

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2022年第8期843-848,共6页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的了解采供血人员在无偿献血过程中血源性职业暴露情况,分析其影响因素,探讨预防措施,提高采供血人员自我防护意识,进一步做好采供血机构血源性职业暴露的预防。方法对北京市红十字血液中心2010~2021年72例血源性职业暴露案例情况进行回顾性分析,比较不同性别、不同科室、发生地点、文化程度、职业类型、工作环节、暴露原因、不同身体部位发生血源性职业暴露的频率,分析其影响因素,进而提出相应的预防策略。结果2010~2021年,本中心共发生72例血源性职业暴露案例。以性别分类,女性暴露率是男性的两倍多;以年龄分类,18~25岁暴露率最高,但26~40岁年龄组案例最多,占比70.83%(51/72);以工作年限分类,工作年限3年以下暴露率比较高,但工作年限4~10年案例最多,占比达54.17%(39/72);以文化程度分类,本科及以下暴露率较高,其案例合计占比90.28%(65/72);以职称水平分类,初中级职称暴露率较高,其案例合计占比高达94.44%(68/72);以不同科室分类,献血服务一科暴露率最高,是其他科室暴露率的两倍甚至三倍,其案例占比为81.94%(59/72);以职业类型分类,护士暴露率最高,占比高达87.5%(63/72);以受伤部位分类,手部的暴露率远高于其他身体部位的暴露率;以发生地点分类,在流动采血车上的暴露率是室内固定场所中暴露率的四倍;以暴露次数分类,单次职业暴露占比为72.22%(52/72),多次职业暴露只是个别现象;留样环节的暴露率显著高于其他环节。结论采供血人员血源性职业暴露与性别、年龄、工作年限、职称水平、科室分布、职业类型、发生地点、受伤部位等因素均有密切关系,与文化程度无关。要更加关注献血服务一线的中年女性护士、初中级职称和本科及以下学历人员,加强培训和防护,规范操作方法,改善采血环境,提高管理水平和采血自动化、智能化水平。Objective To understand the occupational exposure of blood center staff during blood collection and supply, analyze the influencing factors, explore preventive measures and improve the self-protection awareness of staff, so as to further improve the prevention of such occupational exposure in blood centers. Methods Seventy-two occupational exposure cases, which occurred and registered in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center from January 2010 to December 2021, were reviewed by retrospective survery methods, and such cases were classified and analyzed statistically. The incidence of blood-borne occupational exposure was compared by genders, departments, occurrence locations, education level, occupation type, work link, causes of exposure and body parts, so as to analyze the influencing factors, and then propose corresponding prevention strategies. Results From 2010 to 2021, a total of 72 blood-borne occupational exposure cases occurred. When classified by gender, the exposure rate of women was more than twice that of men;by age, the exposure rate of 18~25 years old was the highest, reaching 7.84%, but 26~40 years old group contributed the most cases, accounting for 70.83%(51/72);by working years, the exposure rate of staff with working years less than 3 years was relatively high, but the staff with 4~10 working years contributed the most cases, accounting for 54.17%(39/72);by the education level, the the exposure rate of stall with bachelor degree and below was the highest(90.28%,65/72);by the professional title level, the exposure rate of staff with primary and intermediate professional titles was relatively high(94.44%, 68/72);by departments, the exposure rate of Blood Donation Service was the highest(81.94%, 59/72), which was twice or even three times than that of other departments;by occupational type, nurses had the highest exposure rate, accounting for 87.5%(63/72);by body parts, hands were the most vulnerable body parts to occupational exposure;by location, the exposure rate on mobile vehicles is four times than t

关 键 词：血源性职业暴露 暴露率 影响因素 预防策略 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R457.12[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]