铁幕落下:马歇尔计划与欧洲共产党情报局——关于美苏冷战起源的经济因素(讨论之七)  

The Iron Curtain Falls:The Marshall Plan and the European Communist Information Bureau——On Economic Factors in Origins of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union(Discussion No.7)

作　　者：沈志华[1,2] Shen Zhihua

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系 [2]华东师范大学冷战国际史研究中心

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2022年第4期3-49,共47页Russian Studies

基　　金：华东师范大学“幸福之花”基金先导项目(项目编号:2019ECNU-XFZH002)的研究成果。

摘　　要：杜鲁门主义的提出和莫斯科会议的失败,构成了马歇尔计划的政治经济背景。美国援助欧洲计划的目标,就是通过恢复德国经济和推动欧洲一体化,重建西欧的经济秩序。为此就需要将苏联以及某种条件下将东欧排除在外,只是出于政治考虑表面上仍然邀请苏联参加。苏联最初对马歇尔计划抱有希望,但在巴黎会谈中探明西方的目的后大失所望,坚决拒绝继续参与谈判,并严令禁止东欧国家出席巴黎会议。为实现对欧洲共产党和东欧各国的全面管控,苏联决心重建共产党国际组织——欧洲共产党情报局。马歇尔计划的提出和共产党情报局的建立,标志着冷战格局在欧洲已经形成。The proposal of the Truman Doctrine and the failure of the Moscow Conference constituted political and economic background for the Marshall Plan.The aim of the plan is to rebuild the economic order in Western Europe by restoring the German economy and promoting European integration.To this end,it is imperative to exclude the Soviet Union and,under certain conditions,Eastern Europe,but the former is still invited due to political considerations.Initially the Soviet Union had hopes for the Marshall Plan,but was disappointed when it discovered the West’s purpose during the Paris Peace Conference.As a result,the Soviet Union firmly refused to continue participating in negotiations,and strictly prohibited Eastern European countries from attending the Conference.In order to gain full control over Communist Parties in Europe and Eastern European countries,the Soviet Union was determined to rebuild the international organization of the Communist Party,namely,the European Communist Information Bureau.The proposal of the Marshall Plan and the establishment of the European Communist Information Bureau marked the formation of the Cold War configuration in Europe.

关 键 词：马歇尔计划 共产党情报局 冷战起源 美苏关系 苏联外交 

分 类 号：F151.2[经济管理—世界经济]