巢湖秀丽白虾与日本沼虾的肌肉生化组成以及基于特征脂肪酸的食性分析  

Muscle biochemical compositions and dietary characteristics based on characteristic fatty acids of Exopalaemon modestus and Macrobrachium nipponense in Chaohu Lake

作　　者：朱金超 孙钰宁 杨云霞[2] 姚峰[1] 张晓华[1] 杨严鸥 ZHU Jin-chao;SUN Yu-ning;YANG Yun-xia;YAO Feng;ZHANG Xiao-hua;YANG Yan-ou(College of Animal Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,合肥230036 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2022年第5期25-31,共7页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(六)项目3(2017ZX07603)。

摘　　要：试验对巢湖秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus)与日本沼虾(Macrobranchium nipponense)肌肉的水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分含量以及氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行测定,并依据特征脂肪酸分析两种虾的食性。结果显示:秀丽白虾的蛋白质含量(14.74±0.66)%显著低于日本沼虾(16.37±0.28)%,灰分含量(4.29±0.14)%显著高于日本沼虾(3.76±0.13)%,水分及脂肪含量二者无显著差异;秀丽白虾的氨基酸总量(61.66±1.67)%显著低于日本沼虾(65.64±1.05)%,但必需氨基酸总量(24.10±0.44)%与日本沼虾(24.33±0.74)%无显著差异,且必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(EAA/TAA)以及必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)均显著高于日本沼虾。秀丽白虾的饱和脂肪酸与低不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为(30.55±1.63)%与(13.04±0.42)%,略低于日本沼虾的(33.82±1.88)%与(14.64±0.67)%,但无显著差异,而其多不饱和脂肪酸(56.41±1.34)%显著高于日本沼虾的(51.54±1.29)%。结果表明,巢湖秀丽白虾的肌肉蛋白质含量低于日本沼虾,但其肌肉氨基酸的平衡性更好,不饱和脂肪酸的含量更高。特征脂肪酸分析显示,秀丽白虾与日本沼虾均为杂食性,但秀丽白虾捕食更多的浮游动物与底栖动物,更偏向于捕食性,其营养级大于日本沼虾。The contents of body water,protein,fat and ash,and the amino acid and fatty acid composition of muscle of Exopalaemon modestus and Macrobrachium nipponense in Chaohu Lake were measured to compare the biochemical muscle compositions and dietary characteristics based on characteristic fatty acids oftwo species of shrimp.Meanwhile,the feeding habits of the shrimps were analyzed according to their characteristic fatty acids.The results showed that the protein content of E.modestus(16.37±0.28)%was significantly lower than that of M.nipponense(16.37±0.28)%.In comparison,the ash content(4.29±0.14)%was significantly higher than that of M.nipponense(3.76±0.13)%,and no significant differences in water and fat content between the two kinds of shrimps.E.modestus had significantly lower total amino acid(TAA)(61.66±1.67)%than M.nipponense(65.64±1.05)%did.In contrast,the total essential amino acid(EAA)was no significant difference between the two kinds of shrimps,and E.Modestus had significantly higher ratios of EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA(non-essential amino acids)than M.nipponense did.E.modestus had similar saturated fatty acids(SFA)(30.55±1.63)%and monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)(13.04±0.42)%to E.modestus(33.82±1.88,14.64±0.67)%,while E.modestus had significantly higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)(56.41±1.34)%than M.nipponense(51.54±1.29)%did.Both of two species shrimp were omnivorous and mainly feed on zooplankton,phytoplankton,benthic animals and organic debris,etc.In contrast,the E.modestus feed on more zooplankton and benthic animals.In brief,E.modestus has lower muscle protein content than M.nipponense,while it has a better balance for muscle amino acid and a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acid.The characteristic fatty acid analysis shows that the two kinds of shrimp have similar feeding habits,while E.modestus was more inclined to predates and has a higher trophic level than M.nipponense.

关 键 词：秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus) 日本沼虾(Macrobranchium nipponense) 氨基酸 脂肪酸 食性 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]