西藏农村人居建筑多功能窗体研究  

Research on a Feasible Multi-functional Window for Rural Buildings in Tibet

作　　者：邓源 徐峰[1,2] DENG Yuan;XU Feng(School of Architecture and Planning,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Sciences of Urban and Rural Human Settlementsin Hills Areas(Hunan Unviersity),Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学建筑与规划学院,湖南长沙410082 [2]丘陵地区人居环境湖南省重点实验室(湖南大学),湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第9期193-202,共10页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100901);湖南创新型省份建设专项(2020RC4045)。

摘　　要：为解决藏区传统民居室内自然采光不足、光舒适性差等问题,提出了一种多功能窗体设计方法,其主要由光伏发电板、反光板、保温板、转轴和转瓦等构成.基于所提出的设计方法,针对典型案例(多功能窗体)建立理论分析模型,展开对夏季、冬季和过渡季3种运行模式的研究,并设计实验方案进一步验证结果.实验结果表明:与同尺寸传统窗体比较,该案例多功能窗体过渡季能在南向提升采光进深5倍且持续10 h;冬季提升采光进深2.5倍,使室内采光进深保持7.5 m以上且持续9 h;夏季提高采光系数约0.5%;夏季平均月累计发电量为9 kW·h,全年累计光伏发电量最高可达90 kW·h;冬、夏季窗户内外表面温差分别提高3~8℃、2~4℃,且冬季窗户与墙体内表面温差降低2~4℃,窗户内表面温度更接近室内温度.该多功能窗体具有成本低廉、功能多样、效果显著、综合经济竞争性强的特点.多功能窗体设计方法能为其他更先进的建筑窗体设计开拓思路,并直接运用于西藏农村地区原有建筑窗体改造与新建建筑.To overcome the problems of insufficient natural lighting and weak light comfort for traditional resi⁃dential buildings in Tibet,a design method for a feasible multifunctional window system is proposed.The novel sys⁃tem is mainly composed of a photovoltaic power generation panel,reflective panel,thermal insulation panel,and rotat⁃ing shaft.Based on the above method and for typical cases,a theoretical analytical model of multifunctional windows was established in 3 operational patterns:summer,winter,and transitional season,and field tests were conducted for verifying the data accuracy.The results show that,compared with the same size traditional window,a multifunctional window increases southern indoor natural lighting depth by 5 times for 10 h in the transition season,increases the lighting depth by 2.5 times(above 7.5 m)for 9 h in winter,and increases daylight factor by 0.5%in summer;the aver⁃age monthly power generation of photovoltaic power generation panel in summer is 9kW·h,and the annual photovol⁃taic power generation reaches up to 90kW·h.The multifunctional window increases the temperature difference be⁃tween the inner and outer surfaces of the window in winter and summer by about 3~8℃and 2~4℃,respectively,and reduces the temperature difference between the inner surface of the window and wall by about 2~4℃in winter,and the inner surface temperature of the window is closer to the indoor temperature.Overall,the multifunctional win⁃dow has the characteristics of low cost,diverse functions,remarkable effect,and strong economic competitiveness.It is of important significance in other advanced window designs and practical applications.It can be directly applied in the repair of the old building window as well as the new ones in the Tibet rural area.

关 键 词：西藏民居 多功能窗体设计 节能 光反射 保温遮阳一体化 

分 类 号：TU228[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]