废约与南京国民政府外交体制的调整  

Abolishing Unequal Treaties and Adjusting the Diplomatic System of Nanjing National Government

作　　者：刘利民[1] Liu Limin

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《学术研究》2022年第9期132-142,188,共12页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民国时期条约理论研究之研究”(21BZS012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪二三十年代,南京国民政府实行党国外交体制。这种体制对废约活动有较为明显的影响,决定了当时废约的方向和进程。就废约而言,这种体制贯彻了国民党以党治国理念,确保了国民党对外政策的执行,保证外交决策权控制在国民党手中,有利于废约外交活动的统一进行。当然,这种外交体制也有其局限。为了适应条约关系快速变化的新形势,南京国民政府在坚持党国外交体制的总体框架下做了一定调整,既包括体制本身的微调,也包括政府内部中央和地方外交执行机构的较明显改变;既包括中央外交权力的集中,也包括地方外交权力的统一。这种体制调整对于废约有积极作用,在一定程度上促进了废约进程。当然,这种调整只限于内部有限调整,不能根本解决党国外交体制的缺陷。In the 1920s and 1930s,the Nanjing National Government announced the implementation of the foreign policy of“Abolishing old treaties and amending new ones”,and actively promoted the abolition of unequal treaties.In order to apply the new situation of abolishing unequal treaties,the Nanjing national government made some changes and adjustments to the foreign relations system.It includes:adjusting the power system of foreign policy decision-making;Changing the internal structure of the Ministry of foreign affairs,and setting up treaty bodies;The unification of diplomatic right and the abolition of the negotiation office have changed the local diplomatic power system.The establishment and adjustment of these institutions are conducive to the improvement of treaty relations and the abolition of unequal treaties to a certain extent.Of course,this adjustment was only a limited internal adjustment,could not fundamentally solve the shortcomings of the party-state diplomatic system.

关 键 词：废约 南京国民政府 外交体制 调整 

分 类 号：K262.9[历史地理—历史学]