国内春蚕豆种质资源种子表型性状多样性分析  

Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Traits of Germplasm Resources of Spring Vicia faba Seeds in China

作　　者：杨生华 邵扬 李文俊 郭延平 YANG Shenghua;SHAO Yang;LI Wenjun;GUO Yanping(Linxia Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linxia,Gansu 731100,China)

机构地区：[1]临夏州农业科学院,甘肃临夏731100

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第10期1-6,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目“食用豆”(CARS-08)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明国内春蚕豆种质资源种子表型性状的多样性,为春蚕豆品种改良和种质创新研究提供理论依据。【方法】利用多样性指数、主成分分析与聚类分析等方法,对国家作物种质库保存的301份国内春蚕豆种质资源种子数量性状进行多样性分析。【结果】301份国内春蚕豆种质资源种子的8个表型性状(百粒重、面积、周长、长宽比、粒长、粒宽、直径和圆度)的遗传多样性指数平均为2.050,平均变异系数为15.34%,以百粒重的变异最大,301份蚕豆种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。通过主成分分析发现,前3个主成分的贡献率分别为68.29%、25.71%和5.33%,累计贡献率达99.33%,几乎覆盖参试种质资源种子表型性状的全部信息。聚类分析将参试材料聚为两类,第Ⅰ类群120份种质资源的百粒重、周长等性状均比较大,是选择大粒、高产品种的重要材料;第Ⅱ类群181份种质资源的圆度较大,是选择机械化收获近圆形品种的重要材料。【结论】301份国内春蚕豆种质资源种子具有丰富的遗传多样性,第Ⅰ类群分布范围包括甘肃、青海与河北3个省区,该类群种子是选择大粒高产品种的重要材料;第Ⅱ类群分布范围包括内蒙古、新疆、山西、宁夏和陕西北部5个省区,该类群是选择机械化收获近圆形品种的重要材料。【Objective】The diversity of seed phenotypic traits of germplasm resources of spring Vicia faba in China is studied, which provides theory basis for studying the variety improvement and germplasm innovation of spring V. faba.【Method】By using diversity index, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the diversity analysis to seed quantitative characteristics of 301 domestic spring V. faba stored by the National Crop Germplasm Bank is conducted.【Result】The genetic diversity indexes of 8 seed phenotypic traits(100-seed weight, area, girth, length-width ratio, grain length, grain width, diameter and circularity) of 301 domestic spring V. faba was 2.050, and the average variation coefficient was 15.34%, among which the variation coefficient of 100-seed weight was the most. 301 domestic spring V. faba owned rich genetic diversity. Through principal component analysis, the contribution rate of top 3 principal components was 68.29%, 25.71% and 5.33%, respectively, and the accumulated contribution rate reached to 99.33%, which almost covered the whole information of seed phenotypic traits of tested germplasm resource. By cluster analysis, the tested materials could be divided into two groups. Group Ⅰ containing 120 germplasm resources had better traits of 100-seed wight and roundness, indicating that they were important material for selecting variety with big grain and high yield. Group Ⅱ containing 181 germplasm resources had better trait of circularity, indicating that they were important material for selecting variety with near-round shape which can be harvested by machine. 【Conclusion】301 domestic spring V. faba seeds have rich genetic diversity. Group Ⅰ can be observed in Gansu, Qinghai and Hebei, and is the important material for choosing big-grain and high-yield variety. Group Ⅱ distributes in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Ningxia and Northern Shaanxi, and is the important material for selecting variety with near-round shape can be mechanized harvested.

关 键 词：春蚕豆 种质资源 种子 表型性状 多样性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]