有机种植模式对洱海流域植烟土壤养分与烤烟质量的影响  

Effects of Organic Planting Mode on Soil Nutrients and Flue-cured Tobacco Quality in the Erhai Lake Basin

作　　者：孙军伟[1] 范志勇[1] 户艳霞[1] 张建斌 王斌 盘文政 张志红 杜洪兵 肖勇飞 王林涛 尚海丽 SUN Junwei;FAN Zhiyong;HU Yanxia;ZHANG Jianbin;WANG Bin;PAN Wenzheng;ZHANG Zhihong;DU Hongbing;XIAO Yongfei;WANG Lintao;SHANG Haili(Dali Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Dali,Yunnan 671000;Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650217,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南大理671000 [2]云南省微生物发酵工程研究中心有限公司,云南昆明650217

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第10期42-48,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省烟草公司科技计划重点项目“大理烤烟轮作周期内营养调控技术研究与应用”(2019530000241016)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明有机种植模式对洱海流域植烟土壤养分与烤烟产质量的影响,为有机种植模式在烤烟生产上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以红花大金元为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,研究不同有机种植模式(生物有机肥+液态有机肥和商品有机肥+液态有机肥)对植烟土壤养分和烤烟产质量的影响。【结果】试验地属高肥力土壤,但不施肥处理的烤烟前中期生长发育缓慢,烟叶耐养性差,农艺性状、经济性状及烟叶品质均较差。施用生物有机肥+液态有机肥有利于氮素营养的固化,促进烟株对土壤有效氮、磷、钾的吸收,降低养分流失风险;烤烟的农艺性状较好,株高中等,有效叶数多,提高烟株对黑胫病、青枯病和气候性斑点病的抗病性,发病率分别降至1.57%、1.15%和3.15%;烤烟的化学成分协调性好,外观品质综合得分最高(79分);产量、产值、上等烟、中上等烟比例和投入产出比均达最大,分别为3427.5 kg/hm^(2)、103510.5元/hm^(2)、64.6%、91.5%和1∶3.12。【结论】洱海流域烟区有机种植模式最佳组合为生物有机肥+液态有机肥。【Objective】The effect of organic planting mode on the soil nutrients and the quality of flue-cured tobacco produced in Erhai Lake Basin has been proved,which provides theoretical basis for the application of organic planting mode in flue-cured tobacco production.【Method】Using the tobacco cv.Honghuadajinyuan as the test material,the effects of different organic planting modes(bio-organic fertilizer+liquid organic fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer+liquid organic fertilizer)on the nutrients of the tobacco planting soil and the quality of flue-cured tobacco production were studied by field experiment method.【Result】The test site belonged to high-fertility soil,but the flue-cured tobacco without fertilization treatment had slow growth and development at early and medium stage,with leaf tolerance of poor tobacco,poor agronomic traits,economic traits and tobacco leaf quality.The combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer was conducive to the solidification of nitrogen nutrients,and at the same time could promote the absorption of effective nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by tobacco plants,and reduce the risk of nutrient loss;Flue-cured tobacco had better agronomic traits,with medium plant height and many effective leaves,which improves the resistance of tobacco plants to black shank disease,bacterial wilt and climate spot disease,as the morbidity rate were decreased by 1.57%,1.15%and 3.15%,respectively;The chemical composition coordination of flue-cured tobacco was harmonious,and the comprehensive score of appearance quality was the best(with the score of 79);The yield,output value,ratio of upper-class tobacco,middle-upper class,and the input-output ratio were 3427.5 kg/hm^(2),103510.5 Yuan/hm^(2),64.6%,91.5%and 1∶3.12,respectively,while all reached to the highest.【Conclusion】The best combination of organic planting modes in the tobacco area of Erhai Lake Basin is bio-organic fertilizer+liquid organic fertilizer.

关 键 词：有机种植 土壤养分 烟草 洱海 云南 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]