贵州玛瑙红樱桃种植气候适宜性区划  

Climatic Suitability Zoning of‘Manaohong’Cherry Planting in Guizhou Province

作　　者：谭文 杨世琼 李忠燕[2] 左晋 乔光[3] 曾晓珊 TAN Wen;YANG Shiqiong;LI Zhongyan;ZUO Jin;QIAO Guang;ZENG Xiaoshan(Guizhou Institute of Mountain Climate and Environment,Guiyang,Guizhou 550002;Guizhou Climate Center,Guiyang,Guizhou 550002;Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省山地气候环境研究所,贵州贵阳550002 [2]贵州省气候中心,贵州贵阳550002 [3]贵州大学农业生物工程研究院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第10期79-86,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省气象局科研业务登记项目“气象条件对玛瑙红樱桃品质的影响研究”[黔气科登(2020)06-04];贵州省科技计划项目“贵州耐贮运特色樱桃高效避雨栽培关键技术研究与示范”[黔科合支撑(2021)一般231];贵州省基础研究计划“樱桃bHLH家族转录因子发掘及低温应答作用机制解析”[黔科合基础(2020)1Y114]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明影响贵州玛瑙红樱桃生长的关键气象因子,建立区划指标体系,为合理布局贵州玛瑙红樱桃种植区提供科学依据。【方法】测定贵州赫章、纳雍、织金、桐梓、六枝、福泉、大方和乌当8个不同气候特征果园的玛瑙红樱桃外观品质和营养品质指标,分析品质指标与气候因子的相关性,确定种植区划的主要影响气象因子及阈值,结合采用GIS技术对贵州玛瑙红樱桃种植气候适宜性进行区划。【结果】不同产区的玛瑙红樱桃大小和风味存在明显差异,其中,赫章的玛瑙红樱桃果实偏小,含水量低,风味偏甜;乌当的果实小,维生素C含量高,风味偏酸;其余6个产区果实多数较大,维生素C含量较高,风味偏酸甜。休眠期需冷量、4月气温日较差与玛瑙红樱桃果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和糖酸比呈显著正相关,适当增加休眠期需冷量和4月气温日较差有利于果实内含物的形成和积累。确定年均温休眠期需冷量,2-4月日照时数和4月气温日较差等作为适应性的主要指标,适宜区各主导指标分别为11.5-14.5℃≥、1000 h、≥310.0 h及8.5℃。贵州玛瑙红樱桃种植区域划分为适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区,适宜区位于纳雍县、盘州市、水城县和普安县;次适宜区位于贵阳市中部以南、毕节市、黔南州、黔东南州及遵义市西部和南部;不适宜区位于贵州省南部和北部。【结论】贵州玛瑙红樱桃果实品质与种植区气候存在一定的相关性,种植区划分为适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区。【Objective】The key meteorological factors affecting the growth of‘Manaohong’cherry in Guizhou were identified,and a zoning index system was established to provide a scientific basis for the rational layout of‘Manaohong’cherry planting areas in Guizhou Province.【Method】The appearance quality and nutritional quality indexes of‘Manaohong’cherry in 8 orchards with different climatic characteristics in Guizhou were measured,and the main climatic factors and threhold affecting its appearance and quality were analyzed,and GIS technology was used to classify the climatic suitability of‘Manaohong’cherry planting in Guizhou.【Result】There are obvious differences in the size and flavor of‘Manaohong’cherries from different production areas.Among them,the‘Manaohong’cherries from Hezhang are small in size,low in water content,and sweet in flavor;Wudang has small fruits,high vitamin C content,and more sour flavor;Most of the remaining 6 orchards have larger fruits,higher vitamin C content,and sweet and sour flavors.There is a significant positive correlation between the cold demand in dormancy period,the diurnal temperature range in April and the soluble solid,soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio of‘Manaohong’cherry fruit.Appropriately increasing the cold demand in dormant period and diurnal temperature range in April is beneficial to the formation and accumulation of fruit inclusions.The annual average temperature,cold demand in dormant period,sunshine duration from February to April and diurnal temperature range in April are determined as the main indicators of suitability,with standard of 11.5~14.5℃,≥1000 h,≥310.0 h and 8.5℃.Guizhou‘Manaohong’cherry planting areas are divided into suitable areas,sub-suitable areas and unsuitable areas.The suitable areas are located in Nayong County,Panzhou City,Shuicheng County and Pu’an County;the sub-suitable areas are located in the central to south of Guiyang City,Bijie City,Qiannan Prefecture,Qiandongnan Prefecture,and the west and sout

关 键 词：玛瑙红樱桃 品质 气候因子 种植适宜度 区划 贵州 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]