重新认识数字时代的新闻真实性危机 ---民主政治的局限与马克思主义实践观  

Re-Understand the Crisis of Journalistic Authenticity in the Digital Age-The Limitations of Democratic Politics and the Marxist View of Practice

作　　者：张垒 吴婷 Lei Zhang;Ting Wu(School of Journalism and Communication,Minzu University of China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《全球传媒学刊》2022年第3期143-155,共13页Global Journal of Media Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新时代中国特色新闻学理论建构的实践取向研究”(项目批准号:21AXW003)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在数字时代复杂的互联网媒介生态中,新闻事实已不再是一个纯粹客观的实在物,基于传统“经验事实”的新闻生产模式的日趋衰落,以及新闻信息内容大量涌现带来前所未有的市场化竞争都加剧了新闻真实性的危机。从根本上看,新闻真实性危机还和西方民主政治的局限有关。由于相当一部分新闻事实是那些难以在短时间内被轻易核查和确证的复杂事件,事实与意见之间的边界变得极为模糊。事实在多数人意见压力下被重新表述、组合、编排和再结构化。而诸如“透明性”“介入性”“情感转向”等解决之道,则是为应对“民主化”趋势在新闻的生产和传播过程中采取的策略化举措,并没有解决最根本的事实来源问题,反而削弱了人们把握新闻事实的可能性。新闻事实作为本质上与人相关的“事实真理”,能否解决其所面临的危机,关键不是西式“民主化”,而是人们是否有足够的意愿和能力来弥合各种各样人为的区隔,亦即在现实的社会实践中不断创造和生成新的主体,从而形成具有融贯的和系统的认知能力的“智力道德”集团。In the complex Internet media ecology brought by the digital technology,news fact is no longer a purely objective reality,and the decline of the news production model based on traditional“empirical facts”and the unprecedented fierce market-oriented competition brought by the emergence of news and information content have aggravated the crisis of journalistic authenticity.Fundamentally,this crisis of journalistic authenticity is also related to the limitations of Western democracies.Since a considerable part of news facts are complex events that are difficult to easily verify and confirm in a short period of time,the boundary between facts and opinions has become extremely blurred.Facts are restated,combined,orchestrated and restructured under the pressure of majority opinion.Solutions such as“transparency”,“intervention”,and“emotional turning”are strategic measures taken in the production and dissemination of news in response to the trend of“democratization”,which does not solve the most fundamental source of facts,but weakens the possibility of people grasping the news facts.As the“factual truth”that is intrinsically related to people,the key to solving the crisis they are facing is not Western-style“democratization”,but depends on whether people have enough willingness and ability to bridge various artificial divisions,and in the process of real history,that is,in the actual social practice,they continue to create and generate new subjects and form“intellectual-moral”groups with integrated and systematic cognitive ability.

关 键 词：数字时代 新闻事实 新闻真实 

分 类 号：G210.7[文化科学—新闻学]