江苏滨海滩涂稻作改良研究进展及展望  

Research Progress and Prospect of Rice Cropping Amelioration in Coastal Tidal Flats of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：崔士友[1] 张蛟[1] 陈澎军 CUI Shiyou;ZHANG Jiao;CHEN Pengjun(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226541,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Geochemical Exploration and Marine Geological Survey,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农科所,江苏南通226541 [2]地球化学勘查与海洋地质调查研究院,南京210007

出　　处：《农学学报》2022年第9期9-13,64,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划“盐碱地水稻机插高产高效栽培技术集成创新与示范”(BE2015337),“高产优质多抗耐盐(碱)水稻新品质选育”(BE2016370);江苏省农业自主创新基金项目“提高盐胁迫下滩涂水稻穗粒数的技术研究”[CX(20)3118];南通市科技项目“盐胁迫下水稻穗部性状及产量对叶面喷施的响应研究”(JC2019150)。

摘　　要：滨海盐土稻作改良是江苏沿海滩涂开发利用的主要技术之一。本文概述了江苏省滨海盐土稻作改良方面的研究进展,在耐盐水稻鉴定方面,筛选出了‘盐稻10号’、‘盐稻12’、‘通粳981’、‘南粳5055’、‘南粳9108’、‘淮稻5号’等耐盐性较强的品种;在1.5 g/kg盐胁迫下,水稻产量为非胁迫的65%~85%,在3 g/kg的盐胁迫下产量为非胁迫的40%~45%;盐胁迫对稻米加工、外观、蒸煮和食味品质均存在一定程度的不利影响;定位观测表明微咸水灌溉条件下滩涂稻田土壤盐分最高点出现在抽穗前后。在此基础上对今后滩涂稻作改良研发工作提出了3个方面的建议:(1)耐盐水稻种质筛选与品种改良;(2)滩涂稻田地力提升技术研发;(3)滩涂水稻栽培关键技术研发。Rice cropping amelioration in coastal saline soil is one of the main techniques for the development and utilization of coastal tidal flats.This paper summarized the research progress of rice cropping amelioration in coastal saline soil of Jiangsu Province.In the identification of rice cultivars with salt tolerance,‘Yandao 10’,‘Yandao 12’,‘Tongjing 981’,‘Nanjing 5055’,‘Nanjing 9108’,and‘Huaidao 5’were selected as moderate to strong salt-tolerant varieties.Under the salt stress of 1.5 g/kg,their yield was 65%to 85%of that under no stress,and under the salt stress of 3 g/kg,their yield was 40%to 45%of that under no stress.Salt stress had a certain degree of adverse effect on rice processing,appearance,cooking and eating quality;and the positioning observation test showed that the highest soil salt content appeared before and after heading under brackish water irrigation.Based on these investigations,three suggestions were put forward:(1)the selection of salt tolerant rice germplasm and variety improvement;(2)the research and development of technologies for improving land fertility of coastal paddy field;and(3)the research and development of key technologies of rice cultivation in coastal tidal flats.

关 键 词：耐盐水稻 稻作改良 沿海滩涂 盐胁迫 产量 品质 土壤含盐量 江苏 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]